CLASS: Oct 5, 2018 - INCOMPLETE Flashcards
1
Q
JOSQUIN OVERVIEW
- While other people were promoting their own music, other people were promoting Josquin’s music for him. He is the “Renaissance _______”.
A
JOSQUIN OVERVIEW
- While other people were promoting their own music, other people were promoting Josquin’s music for him. He is the “Renaissance Rockstar”.
2
Q
JOSQUIN OVERVIEW
- Josquin’s style is a transition between the 15th and 16th centuries, and ______ of a forward-thinking 16th-century compositional style
A
JOSQUIN OVERVIEW
- Josquin’s style is a transition between the 15th and 16th centuries, and emblematic of a forward-thinking 16th-century compositional style
3
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a paraphrase mass?
- The ____ melody occurs in ALL voices.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a paraphrase mass?
- The SAME melody occurs in ALL voices
4
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a paraphrase mass?
- ______ is how you spot it.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a paraphrase mass?
- IMITATION is how you spot it.
5
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a paraphrase mass?
- ____ and ____ tune.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a paraphrase mass?
- Chant and Chanson tune.
6
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- Uses just the _____ notes of the model.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- Uses just the beginning notes of the model.
7
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- It’s in the _____ voice is how you spot it.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- It’s in the BOTTOM voice is how you spot it.
8
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- The _____ VOICE is the bottom voice.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- The TENOR VOICE is the bottom voice.
9
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- Need to see what to spot it? More than one _______. The motto is present in the tenor voice in other movements.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- Need to see what to spot it? More than one MOVEMENT. The motto is present in the tenor voice in other movements.
10
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- Example: Missa Mi-Mi Ockeghem. The distinct _____ of the 5th in the lower voice.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a motto mass?
- Example: Missa Mi-Mi Ockeghem. The distinct dropping of the 5th in the lower voice.
11
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- _______ texture.
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
-
POLYPHONIC texture.
- Only one with Polyphonic model.
12
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- The _____ doesn’t have to be the same
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- The rhythm doesn’t have to be the same
13
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- The parts of the polyphonic model don’t have to be in the ____ voices
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- The parts of the polyphonic model don’t have to be in the same voices
14
Q
JOSQUIN OVERVIEW
- The first composer to proclaim Josquin’s worth was _____
A
JOSQUIN OVERVIEW
- The first composer to proclaim Josquin’s worth was Machaut
15
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- ___ voice of polyphonic model is put in the TENOR voice of the mass
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- Top voice of polyphonic model is put in the TENOR voice of the mass
16
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- All ____ voices of the model are present in the mass movement
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- All three voices of the model are present in the mass movement
17
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- They don’t have to be in the same voice but they are all ____
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- They don’t have to be in the same voice but they are all there
18
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- _____ show how they line up with the mass movement
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is a parody mass?
- Brackets show how they line up with the mass movement
19
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is special about Ockeghem’s Missa prolationum?
- It’s a _____
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is special about Ockeghem’s Missa prolationum?
- It’s a Puzzle
20
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is special about Ockeghem’s Missa prolationum?
- Used _____ in different ways
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is special about Ockeghem’s Missa prolationum?
- Used Mensuration in different ways
21
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is special about Ockeghem’s Missa prolationum?
- All 4 voices are singing in 4 different _______
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
What is special about Ockeghem’s Missa prolationum?
- All 4 voices are singing in 4 different mensurations
22
Q
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
Besides integrating melodies into their masses, how else did composers pay homage in a composition?
- Using their words – Poem is an _____ on his lady’s name
A
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
Besides integrating melodies into their masses, how else did composers pay homage in a composition?
- Using their words – Poem is an Acrostic on his lady’s name
23
Q
Composers known for puzzles
- _______ is known for using puzzles with Mensuration signs
A
Composers known for puzzles
- Ockeghem is known for using puzzles with Mensuration signs
24
Q
Composers known for puzzles
- ______ is known for using Acrostics in the poem
A
Composers known for puzzles
- Busnois is known for using Acrostics in the poem
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Josquin:
* Born in the areas controlled by the Dukes of Burgundy.
* Early education there.
* Moved to Milan as an adult to support the wealthy Italian Family
* Works in the Papel Chapel in ROME. It's THE job. You've MADE it.
* Duke makes him an offer. Moves back
* Retires in North where he came from.
* Didn't live long.
* Had a lot of jobs, and different types of jobs.
* Not uncommon. He didn't keep getting fired. The talent scouts kept seeking him out.
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JOSQUIN OVERVIEW
* Josquin was the first composer to have an ______ following
JOSQUIN OVERVIEW
* Josquin was the first composer to have an **_international_** following
32
The Generations of Franco-Flemish Composers
* ______ and _____ brought the English sound to the continent
The Generations of Franco-Flemish Composers
* **_Du Fay_** and **_Binchois_** brought the English sound to the continent
33
The Generations of Franco-Flemish Composers
* ____ and ____ are both well known for puzzles.
The Generations of Franco-Flemish Composers
* **_Ockeghem_** and **_Busnois_** are both well known for puzzles.
34
The Generations of Franco-Flemish Composers
* ____ and ____ were forward thinking
The Generations of Franco-Flemish Composers
* **_Josquin_** and **_Isaac_** were forward thinking
* Although Isaac is considered less competent than Josquin
35
Josquin at the point of prayer about Mary, wants what to be noticed?
The text
Clear shift in music style.
36
How do you spot works by Josquin?
What makes a good mass? Changing textures, full, smaller, then full. 4-voices, then an SA duet, the TB duet. Then back to 4 for a while then maybe ST. Likes 2 part groups.
Section of dense counterpoint. Cadence. Then next section homophonic.
37
Recall the careers of Medieval Musicians. Contrast with Josquin.
MEDIEVAL: Machaut did not travel.
Priest. Northern France. Stayed there his whole life. Steady job. No reason to go anywhere.
Compare to Josquin. Always had job offers on the table. Moved from court to court.
38
Timeline
When was Josquin active?
Timeline
When was Josquin active?
* The turn of the century between the 15th and 16th centuries
39
Josquin des Prez pays tribute to Ockeghem: Nymphes des bois
"Wood nymphs, goddesses of the springs, Skilled singers of all nations, Change your clear and lofty voices Into sharp cries and lamentations. For Atropos, terrible satrap, Has caught Ockeghem in her trap, Learned, handsome, and not stout. It is a great loss that the earth covers him. Dress yourselves in clothes of mourning, Josquin, Pierson, Brumel, Compère, And cry great tears from your eyes: You have lost your good father. TENOR: May they rest in peace, Amen. "
* A composer using words to pay _____ to another composer from a previous generation.
Josquin des Prez pays tribute to Ockeghem: Nymphes des bois
"Wood nymphs, goddesses of the springs, Skilled singers of all nations, Change your clear and lofty voices Into sharp cries and lamentations. For Atropos, terrible satrap, Has caught Ockeghem in her trap, Learned, handsome, and not stout. It is a great loss that the earth covers him. Dress yourselves in clothes of mourning, Josquin, Pierson, Brumel, Compère, And cry great tears from your eyes: You have lost your good father. TENOR: May they rest in peace, Amen. "
* A composer using words to pay **_homage_** to another composer from a previous generation.
40
Josquin des Prez pays tribute to Ockeghem: Nymphes des bois
"Wood nymphs, goddesses of the springs, Skilled singers of all nations, Change your clear and lofty voices Into sharp cries and lamentations. For Atropos, terrible satrap, Has caught Ockeghem in her trap, Learned, handsome, and not stout. It is a great loss that the earth covers him. Dress yourselves in clothes of mourning, Josquin, Pierson, Brumel, Compère, And cry great tears from your eyes: You have lost your good father. TENOR: May they rest in peace, Amen. "
* Write something or a piece of music to _______ them. Death of a colleague.
Josquin des Prez pays tribute to Ockeghem: Nymphes des bois
"Wood nymphs, goddesses of the springs, Skilled singers of all nations, Change your clear and lofty voices Into sharp cries and lamentations. For Atropos, terrible satrap, Has caught Ockeghem in her trap, Learned, handsome, and not stout. It is a great loss that the earth covers him. Dress yourselves in clothes of mourning, Josquin, Pierson, Brumel, Compère, And cry great tears from your eyes: You have lost your good father. TENOR: May they rest in peace, Amen. "
* Write something or a piece of music to **_memorialize_** them. Death of a colleague.
41
Josquin des Prez pays tribute to Ockeghem: Nymphes des bois
"Wood nymphs, goddesses of the springs, Skilled singers of all nations, Change your clear and lofty voices Into sharp cries and lamentations. For Atropos, terrible satrap, Has caught Ockeghem in her trap, Learned, handsome, and not stout. It is a great loss that the earth covers him. Dress yourselves in clothes of mourning, Josquin, Pierson, Brumel, Compère, And cry great tears from your eyes: You have lost your good father. TENOR: May they rest in peace, Amen. "
* Ockeghem was the _____ of their style
Josquin des Prez pays tribute to Ockeghem: Nymphes des bois
"Wood nymphs, goddesses of the springs, Skilled singers of all nations, Change your clear and lofty voices Into sharp cries and lamentations. For Atropos, terrible satrap, Has caught Ockeghem in her trap, Learned, handsome, and not stout. It is a great loss that the earth covers him. Dress yourselves in clothes of mourning, Josquin, Pierson, Brumel, Compère, And cry great tears from your eyes: You have lost your good father. TENOR: May they rest in peace, Amen. "
* Ockeghem was the **_father_** of their style
42
“Franco-Flemish” composers and European geography in the Renaissance
* Franco-Flemish composers were born in the north but traveled to _________ in the south job opportunities and education.
“Franco-Flemish” composers and European geography in the Renaissance
* Franco-Flemish composers were born in the north but traveled to **_northern Italy_** in the south job opportunities and education.
43
“Franco-Flemish” composers and European geography in the Renaissance
* After getting educated, they would move back to the north because that's where the jobs were. The jobs and money were there because it was a coastal area with \_\_\_\_\_.
“Franco-Flemish” composers and European geography in the Renaissance
* After getting educated, they would move back to the north because that's where the jobs were. The jobs and money were there because it was a coastal area with **_trade_**.
44
Recall the careers of Medieval Musicians.
* Composers like Machaut
* Did not \_\_\_\_\_
Recall the careers of Medieval Musicians.
* Composers like Machaut
* Did not **_travel_**
* Priest in the church in France. Never left. Never had a reason to travel. Had a steady job as a monk.
45
Recall the careers of Medieval Musicians.
* Josquin
* ______ much
Recall the careers of Medieval Musicians.
* Josquin
* **_Traveled_** much
* Job offer from court to court to court. Always had an offer on the table in a different place.
46
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Born in the area controlled by the Dukes of \_\_\_\_\_\_
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Born in the area controlled by the Dukes of **_Burgundy_**,
* Burgundian court
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Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Early education in the ______ court area
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Early education in the **_Burgundian_** court area
48
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* After becoming an adult, moved to Milan to serve the _____ Family, wealthy Italian family. On the way worked for the Duke of Ferrara.
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* After becoming an adult, moved to Milan to serve the **_Sforza_** Family, wealthy Italian family. On the way worked for the Duke of Ferrara.
49
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Leaves Milan to work in the ________ of Rome, which is considered THE JOB to have for composers and singers in the 15th century.
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Leaves Milan to work in the **_Papel Chapel of Rome_**, which is considered THE JOB to have for composers and singers in the 15th century.
50
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Duke of _____ pulls Josquin from Papel Chapel to work with him for years.
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Duke of **_Ferrara_** pulls Josquin from Papel Chapel to work with him for years.
51
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Josquin _____ in the north where he came from.
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Josquin **_retires_** in the north where he came from.
52
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Josquin didn't live long, but over his career, he had many different jobs and different types of jobs that required composition in a wide variety of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Josquin didn't live long, but over his career, he had many different jobs and different types of jobs that required composition in a wide variety of **_genres_**
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Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Why did Josquin move around a lot?
Josquin’s Career: Cult of Personality
* Why did Josquin move around a lot?
* He was sought out by talent scouts. Not because he was bad at his job.
54
The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* _______ Relationship between voice
The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* **_Motivic_** Relationship between voices
* Can exist outside of imitation
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The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* One motive that is ______ from one voice to voice to voice.
The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* One motive that is **_imitated_** from one voice to voice to voice.
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The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* ______ Voices
The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* **_Paired_** Voices
* Josquin would start with 4 voices then drop down to pair two of them, switch up the pairs, then go back to 4
57
The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* "What makes a good mass in the 15th century?" Changing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Start with big full, then reduce it in middle to 2-3 voices, then large texture to end.
The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* "What makes a good mass in the 15th century?" Changing **_textures_**. Start with big full, then reduce it in middle to 2-3 voices, then large texture to end.
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The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* _______ Sections of dense Imitative counterpoint, cadence, then section that is homophonic
The Style of Josquin’s (16th-century) Generation
* **_Contrasting_** Sections of dense Imitative counterpoint, cadence, then section that is homophonic
59
Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* Marian motet
* Motet praising Mary
Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* _____ motet
* Motet praising Mary
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Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* When thinking about Renaissance Motets, think about contrasting with the Dunstable motet, *Quam pulchra es*
* Much more ________ and even in texture
Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* When thinking about Renaissance Motets, think about contrasting with the Dunstable motet, *Quam pulchra es*
* Much more **_homophonic_** and even in texture
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Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* Crystal clear _____ texture
Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* Crystal clear **_imitative_** texture
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Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* _____ voices
Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* **_Paired_** voices
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Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* Points forward towards _______ music where you hear choirs singing back and forth in an antiphonal performance style
Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* Points forward towards **_concerted_** music where you hear choirs singing back and forth in an antiphonal performance style
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Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* After \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, he goes back into imitation with paired voices
Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* After **_cadence_**, he goes back into imitation with paired voices
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Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* Great attention to \_\_\_\_
Josquin: *Ave Maria … virgo* *serena*
* Great attention to **_text_**
* Each verse focuses on one element of Mary
* Final verse is a prayer, Josquin wants the text to be heard
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