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MUSIC HIST TO 1750 (MUSI-3347-02) 2018FA > CLASS: Nov 28, 2018 -- COMPLETE > Flashcards

CLASS: Nov 28, 2018 -- COMPLETE Flashcards

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1
Q

Review Questions

Which innovations do we associate with the music of Archangelo Corelli?

A
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2
Q

Review Questions

What are the key characteristics of a baroque concerto?

A
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3
Q

Bach’s Career

  • Moved around in a circumscribed area in ______.
A

Bach’s Career

  • Moved around in a circumscribed area in northeastern Germany.
    • Compared to Handel who travels all over the place.
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4
Q

Bach’s Career

  • _____ Family
A

Bach’s Career

  • Musical Family
    • Brother and father
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5
Q

Bach’s Career

  • ______ Career
    • Didn’t travel very far. Not in the big cities and seeing what all the rage was. Insulated in NE Germany
A

Bach’s Career

  • Provincial Career
    • Didn’t travel very far. Not in the big cities and seeing what all the rage was. Insulated in NE Germany
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6
Q

Bach’s Career

  • Started as _____ Organist
A

Bach’s Career

  • Started as Church Organist
    • Shifted quickly to court composer
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7
Q

Bach’s Career

  • JOBS:
    • Ducal Court Musician (_____)
      • Keyboard music
      • Instrumental Ensembles
A

Bach’s Career

  • JOBS:
    • Ducal Court Musician (Weimar)
      • Keyboard music
      • Instrumental Ensembles
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8
Q

Bach’s Career

  • JOBS:
    • Cantor/Music Director (______)
      • Sacred music
      • Where he is buried
      • Lived and worked until his death
      • Lots of responsibilities there
      • Teaching and making sure choir boys were fed and dressed
      • Had to compose an entire cantata every single week, setting text related to theme or service that week. Very busy. When he self-borrows, that’s the life of a work-a-day musician “I’ve got to come up with an hour’s worth of music. Plug and play.”
A

Bach’s Career

  • JOBS:
    • Cantor/Music Director (Leipzig)
      • Sacred music
      • Where he is buried
      • Lived and worked until his death
      • Lots of responsibilities there
      • Teaching and making sure choir boys were fed and dressed
      • Had to compose an entire cantata every single week, setting text related to theme or service that week. Very busy. When he self-borrows, that’s the life of a work-a-day musician “I’ve got to come up with an hour’s worth of music. Plug and play.”
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9
Q

Bach’s Career

  • _______ Career
    • Working church musician
A

Bach’s Career

  • Pragmatic Career
    • Working church musician
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10
Q

Bach’s Career

  • When did Bach’s world fame begin?
A

Bach’s Career

  • When did Bach’s world fame begin?
    • Mendelssohn’s Bach Revival (19th c)
      • Bach was not a world-famous musician but was known where he was
      • World fame began when Mendelssohn performed much of his works on a concert stage. Back in Bach’s day, this did
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11
Q

Bach’s Style

  • “_________”
    • When you hear it and see it on the page, it’s very evident you’re looking at Bach. Very different than anything else, especially in the Baroque period
A

Bach’s Style

  • “Individualistic”
    • When you hear it and see it on the page, it’s very evident you’re looking at Bach. Very different than anything else, especially in the Baroque period
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12
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Old-fashioned
    • Bach did Imitative Counterpoint, much like two composers:
A

Bach’s Style

  • Old-fashioned
    • Bach did Imitative Counterpoint, much like two composers:
      • Josquin
      • Palestrina
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13
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Old-fashioned
    • Ever since days of Josquin and Palestrina, counterpoint had been decreasing in ______ in favor of Monody, expressive monody, and opera etc trends
A

Bach’s Style

  • Old-fashioned
    • Ever since days of Josquin and Palestrina, counterpoint had been decreasing in popularity in favor of Monody, expressive monody, and opera etc trends
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14
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Old-fashioned
    • _____ trends of Corelli and Vivaldi are on the rise
A

Bach’s Style

  • Old-fashioned
    • Tonality trends of Corelli and Vivaldi are on the rise
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15
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Old-fashioned
    • Bach is at the center of the two trends:
A

Bach’s Style

  • Old-fashioned
    • Bach is at the center of the two trends:
      • counterpoint
      • tonality
    • Bach takes a contrapuntal style and melds it with a tonal form
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16
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Dense
    • Dense web of ______
A

Bach’s Style

  • Dense
    • Dense web of melodies
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17
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Dense
    • Sets Bach apart.
      • Josquin and Palestrina because were writing for:
A

Bach’s Style

  • Dense
    • Sets Bach apart.
      • Josquin and Palestrina because were writing for voices, not instruments, and writing for fewer voices than what Bach was working with
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18
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Dense
    • Hard to ____ and difficult to make it sound easy, Fugues
A

Bach’s Style

  • Dense
    • Hard to play and difficult to make it sound easy, Fugues
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19
Q

Bach’s Style

  • _______
    • “Spinning-out”
A

Bach’s Style

  • Fortspinnung
    • “Spinning-out”
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20
Q

Bach’s Style

  • ________
    • He takes one idea and rolls with it. Ball of yarn and keep pulling and pulling. Neatly organized mess on the floor. No longer have tighly wound ball of yarn.
A

Bach’s Style

  • Fortspinnung
    • He takes one idea and rolls with it. Ball of yarn and keep pulling and pulling. Neatly organized mess on the floor. No longer have tighly wound ball of yarn.
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21
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Sharply focused designs
    • Harmonic _____ and _____
A

Bach’s Style

  • Sharply focused designs
    • Harmonic rhythm and function
      • Fugual Entrance: Subject and answer are harmonically related
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22
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Sharply focused designs
    • Harmonic rhythm/Harmonic function
      • Fortspinnung:
        • Arrivals in particular ____ on particular harmonies.
A

Bach’s Style

  • Sharply focused designs
    • Harmonic rhythm/Harmonic function
      • Fortspinnung:
        • Arrivals in particular keys on particular harmonies.
23
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Sharply focused _____
A

Bach’s Style

  • Sharply focused designs
24
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Prolific Composer: Wide Variety of ______
A

Bach’s Style

  • Prolific Composer: Wide Variety of Repertoire
    • Bach vs. Josquin. Josquin wrote in a wide variety as well (Chanson, motet, masses) fewer genres to pick from back then
25
Q

Bach’s Style

  • Sharply focused designs
    • Harmonic rhythm/Harmonic function
      • Fortspinnung:
        • Tonally driven ____, tonic-dominant, circle of fifths, and back to tonic.
A

Bach’s Style

  • Sharply focused designs
    • Harmonic rhythm/Harmonic function
      • Fortspinnung:
        • Tonally driven forms, tonic-dominant, circle of fifths, and back to tonic.
26
Q

Bach’s Genres

A

Bach’s Genres

  • Concertos
  • Preludes and Fugues:
    • (Well-Tempered Clavier)
  • Chorale Preludes:
    • (Orgelbüchlein)
  • Cantatas (German!)
  • Passions
27
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Concertos
    • Lookup on ____ and watch
    • Grosso
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Concertos
    • Lookup on Youtube and watch
    • Grosso
28
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Preludes and Fugues: (Well-Tempered Clavier)
    • Collection of Preludes and fugues in every _____ key
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Preludes and Fugues: (Well-Tempered Clavier)
    • Collection of Preludes and fugues in every chromatic key
29
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Preludes and Fugues: (Well-Tempered Clavier)
    • Relates to the early 18th century because people were thinking of an _______ approach to music
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Preludes and Fugues: (Well-Tempered Clavier)
    • Relates to the early 18th century because people were thinking of an Encyclopedic approach to music
30
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Preludes and Fugues: (Well-Tempered Clavier)
    • Couldn’t play these pieces without _______ tuning
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Preludes and Fugues: (Well-Tempered Clavier)
    • Couldn’t play these pieces without equal temperament tuning
31
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Equal temperament tuning
    • Every half step is _________
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Equal temperament tuning
    • Every half step is equal distance apart
32
Q

Bach, Prelude and Fugue in A minor

  • Fortspinnung: “_____”
A

Bach, Prelude and Fugue in A minor

  • Fortspinnung: “spinning out”
33
Q

Bach, Prelude and Fugue in A minor

  • Harmonic Motion: “__________”
A

Bach, Prelude and Fugue in A minor

  • Harmonic Motion: “out and back”
34
Q

Bach, Prelude and Fugue in A minor

  • Listen for ______ and _____ Points
A

Bach, Prelude and Fugue in A minor

  • Listen for Cadences and Pedal Points
35
Q

Bach’s music can be accused of being ______ and more of an academic exercise than relaxing music.

A

Bach’s music can be accused of being pedantic and more of an academic exercise than relaxing music.

Disjunct quality of the melody

36
Q

Anatomy of a Fugue

A
37
Q

Anatomy of a Fugue

When the subject comes in a second time in a different key, that is called the ______

A

Anatomy of a Fugue

When the subject comes in a second time in a different key, that is called the answer

38
Q

Anatomy of a Fugue

The answer is accompanied by the ______

A

Anatomy of a Fugue

The answer is accompanied by the countersubject

Countersubject second melody that accompanies the answer.

39
Q

Anatomy of a Fugue

  • What sets Bach apart from Josquin
A

Anatomy of a Fugue

  • The Subject sets Bach apart from Josquin. Both were thinking imitation.
    • Josquin was thinking about tonality, not harmonic rhythm and motion. Intervals, and approaching music from a modal perspective
40
Q

What makes Bach’s music so difficult to play

A

What makes Bach’s music so difficult to play?

  • Balancing all the voices
  • Making every entrance of the subject and answer clear while articulating the countersubject
41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Chorale Preludes: (Orgelbüchlein)
    • Most were composed for the ____
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Chorale Preludes: (Orgelbüchlein)
    • Most were composed for the organ
44
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Chorale Preludes: (Orgelbüchlein)
    • What is Orgelbüchlein?
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Chorale Preludes: (Orgelbüchlein)
    • Orgelbüchlein, manuscript book, “Little organ book”
45
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Chorale Preludes: (Orgelbüchlein)
    • Bach wasn’t publishing music like other musicians were. Much of his music survives in _____ form
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Chorale Preludes: (Orgelbüchlein)
    • Bach wasn’t publishing music like other musicians were. Much of his music survives in manuscript form
46
Q

Bach’s Genres

  • Chorale Preludes: (Orgelbüchlein)
    • Designed for church service to introduce a ____
A

Bach’s Genres

  • Chorale Preludes: (Orgelbüchlein)
    • Designed for church service to introduce a hymn
47
Q

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • From the _________
A

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • From the Orgelbüchlein
48
Q

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Hymn tune
    • Can be in any _____
A

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Hymn tune
    • Can be in any voice
      • pedal
      • middle
      • top
49
Q

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Hymn tune
    • Could look like a _______ mass
A

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Hymn tune
    • Could look like a Cantus Firmus mass
      • there is a chant in one particular voice
50
Q

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Hymn tune
    • Original ______ abandoned
A

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Hymn tune
    • Original rhythm abandoned
      • Melody is maintained. You have to look for the melody intervals because the rhythm is abandoned.
51
Q

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Hymn tune
    • ____ between phrases
A

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Hymn tune
    • Rests between phrases
      • Fermatas also indicate rest.
52
Q

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Extramusical meaning
    • ______ lines: slithering snake
A

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Extramusical meaning
    • Chromatic lines: slithering snake
53
Q

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Extramusical meaning
    • Dissonant _____ of a seventh: The Fall of Adam (and Eve)
A

Bach, Chorale Prelude: Durch Adams Fall

  • Extramusical meaning
    • Dissonant drops of a seventh: The Fall of Adam (and Eve)

MUSIC HIST TO 1750 (MUSI-3347-02) 2018FA (55 decks)

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