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Orthopedic Pathology > Class 8 > Flashcards

Class 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Common bone pathology issues?

A

Soft, brittle, wrong shape bones, tumors

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2
Q

Common S&S of bone pathologies

A

Bone pain, deformity, easy fracture

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3
Q

Diagnostic methods for bone pathologies

A

Imaging
Genetic Testing

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4
Q

Biphosphonates are medications that do what?

A

Slow bone density loss

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5
Q

Osteoporosis main characteristics

A

Metabolic disease, lose bone density, become thin, break

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6
Q

What is Osteopenia

A

Low bone mass, a precursor to osteoporosis

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7
Q

Classification of osteoporosis

A

Primary - Idiopathic
Secondary - We know what caused it. I.e meds

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8
Q

Osteoporosis S&S

A

Asymptomatic or height loss, postural change from compression fractures

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9
Q

Gold standard Osteoporosis test

A

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

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10
Q

Prevention of Osteoporosis ages/changes

A

10-30
Weight bearing activities, less smoking, drinking, caffeine

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11
Q

Treatment methods of Osteoporosis

A

Meds, sunshine, higher calcium, Vit D, protein

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12
Q

What does Calcitonin do in the treatment of Osteoporosis?

A

Inhibits osteoclasts (slower resorption)

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13
Q

Name the two types of bone tumors

A

Osteoblastic - bone grows
Osteolytic - bone shrinks

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14
Q

Benign bone tumors are composed of what?

A

bones cells, cartilage cells, fibroblasts

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15
Q

Benign bone tumors causing neurological issues is called?

A

Mass effect

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16
Q

Osteoma main characteristics

A

M/c in skull
Slow growth, asymptomatic

17
Q

What is an osteochondroma?

A

Bone tumor with cartilage cap

18
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumor and what population is it found in?

A

Osteochondroma
Found in children at growth plates

19
Q

Enchondroma main characteristics?

A

Cartilaginous tumour
Growth plate/chondrocyte abnormalities

20
Q

What is an Enchondroma

A

A cartilaginous tumor

21
Q

Osteoid Osteoma main characteristics?

A

Bones tumor in children
Night pain relieved by aspirin

22
Q

What is a Giant Cell Tumor, aka osteoclastoma?

A

Osteolytic tumor
Occurs when growth plate closed

23
Q

Aneurismal Bone Cyst main characteristics

A

Expansile/osteolytic
In children/adolescents

24
Q

What is Fibrous Dysplasia?

A

Osteoblastic abnormalities
Replacement of normal bone w/ fibrous tissue

25
Q

Characteristics of malignant bone tumors?

A

Metastasize
Severe pain/night pain

26
Q

What is Skeletal Metastasis and characteristics?

A

M/c malignant tumors of skeleton
Fractures, cachexia, bone pain

27
Q

What is Multiple Myeloma?

A

M/c primary malignant bone tumor

28
Q

How does Multiple Myeloma Occur?

A

Proliferation of malignant plasma cells
subsequent overabundance of abnormal proteins
infiltration of red bone marrow

29
Q

S&S of Multiple Myeloma

A

Bone pain

Proteinuria - peeing out proteins

30
Q

What is Osteosarcoma?

A

Second m/c primary malignant bone tumor

31
Q

What is Chondrosarcoma?

A

A cartilaginous tumor

32
Q

What is Ewing’s Sarcoma? Where does it occur?

A

Undifferentiated bone marrow cells
diaphysis of long bones

33
Q

What is a Fibrosarcoma?
Where is it usually found?

A

Malignant tumor of fibroblasts and collagen
Usually found in knee - swelling

34
Q

What is Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma composed of?

A

Composed of mesenchymal stem cells
Very aggressive

35
Q

What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A

Spread through lymphatic pathways

36
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma contain Reed-Sternberg cells, which are what?

A

Abnormal B-cells

37
Q

What is Osteomyelitis?

A

Inflammation of bone form infectious bacteria

38
Q

Two types of Osteomyelitis?

A

Acute - initial infection
Chronic - delayed treatment and prolonged infection

39
Q

M/c etiology of Osteomyelitis?

A

staphylococcus aureus

Orthopedic Pathology (12 decks)

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