Class 8 Flashcards
Common bone pathology issues?
Soft, brittle, wrong shape bones, tumors
Common S&S of bone pathologies
Bone pain, deformity, easy fracture
Diagnostic methods for bone pathologies
Imaging
Genetic Testing
Biphosphonates are medications that do what?
Slow bone density loss
Osteoporosis main characteristics
Metabolic disease, lose bone density, become thin, break
What is Osteopenia
Low bone mass, a precursor to osteoporosis
Classification of osteoporosis
Primary - Idiopathic
Secondary - We know what caused it. I.e meds
Osteoporosis S&S
Asymptomatic or height loss, postural change from compression fractures
Gold standard Osteoporosis test
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
Prevention of Osteoporosis ages/changes
10-30
Weight bearing activities, less smoking, drinking, caffeine
Treatment methods of Osteoporosis
Meds, sunshine, higher calcium, Vit D, protein
What does Calcitonin do in the treatment of Osteoporosis?
Inhibits osteoclasts (slower resorption)
Name the two types of bone tumors
Osteoblastic - bone grows
Osteolytic - bone shrinks
Benign bone tumors are composed of what?
bones cells, cartilage cells, fibroblasts
Benign bone tumors causing neurological issues is called?
Mass effect
Osteoma main characteristics
M/c in skull
Slow growth, asymptomatic
What is an osteochondroma?
Bone tumor with cartilage cap
What is the most common benign bone tumor and what population is it found in?
Osteochondroma
Found in children at growth plates
Enchondroma main characteristics?
Cartilaginous tumour
Growth plate/chondrocyte abnormalities
What is an Enchondroma
A cartilaginous tumor
Osteoid Osteoma main characteristics?
Bones tumor in children
Night pain relieved by aspirin
What is a Giant Cell Tumor, aka osteoclastoma?
Osteolytic tumor
Occurs when growth plate closed
Aneurismal Bone Cyst main characteristics
Expansile/osteolytic
In children/adolescents
What is Fibrous Dysplasia?
Osteoblastic abnormalities
Replacement of normal bone w/ fibrous tissue
Characteristics of malignant bone tumors?
Metastasize
Severe pain/night pain
What is Skeletal Metastasis and characteristics?
M/c malignant tumors of skeleton
Fractures, cachexia, bone pain
What is Multiple Myeloma?
M/c primary malignant bone tumor
How does Multiple Myeloma Occur?
Proliferation of malignant plasma cells
subsequent overabundance of abnormal proteins
infiltration of red bone marrow
S&S of Multiple Myeloma
Bone pain
Proteinuria - peeing out proteins
What is Osteosarcoma?
Second m/c primary malignant bone tumor
What is Chondrosarcoma?
A cartilaginous tumor
What is Ewing’s Sarcoma? Where does it occur?
Undifferentiated bone marrow cells
diaphysis of long bones
What is a Fibrosarcoma?
Where is it usually found?
Malignant tumor of fibroblasts and collagen
Usually found in knee - swelling
What is Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma composed of?
Composed of mesenchymal stem cells
Very aggressive
What is Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?
Spread through lymphatic pathways
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma contain Reed-Sternberg cells, which are what?
Abnormal B-cells
What is Osteomyelitis?
Inflammation of bone form infectious bacteria
Two types of Osteomyelitis?
Acute - initial infection
Chronic - delayed treatment and prolonged infection
M/c etiology of Osteomyelitis?
staphylococcus aureus
