Class 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Common bone pathology issues?

A

Soft, brittle, wrong shape bones, tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common S&S of bone pathologies

A

Bone pain, deformity, easy fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnostic methods for bone pathologies

A

Imaging
Genetic Testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biphosphonates are medications that do what?

A

Slow bone density loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Osteoporosis main characteristics

A

Metabolic disease, lose bone density, become thin, break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Osteopenia

A

Low bone mass, a precursor to osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Classification of osteoporosis

A

Primary - Idiopathic
Secondary - We know what caused it. I.e meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteoporosis S&S

A

Asymptomatic or height loss, postural change from compression fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gold standard Osteoporosis test

A

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prevention of Osteoporosis ages/changes

A

10-30
Weight bearing activities, less smoking, drinking, caffeine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment methods of Osteoporosis

A

Meds, sunshine, higher calcium, Vit D, protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Calcitonin do in the treatment of Osteoporosis?

A

Inhibits osteoclasts (slower resorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the two types of bone tumors

A

Osteoblastic - bone grows
Osteolytic - bone shrinks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Benign bone tumors are composed of what?

A

bones cells, cartilage cells, fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Benign bone tumors causing neurological issues is called?

A

Mass effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osteoma main characteristics

A

M/c in skull
Slow growth, asymptomatic

17
Q

What is an osteochondroma?

A

Bone tumor with cartilage cap

18
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumor and what population is it found in?

A

Osteochondroma
Found in children at growth plates

19
Q

Enchondroma main characteristics?

A

Cartilaginous tumour
Growth plate/chondrocyte abnormalities

20
Q

What is an Enchondroma

A

A cartilaginous tumor

21
Q

Osteoid Osteoma main characteristics?

A

Bones tumor in children
Night pain relieved by aspirin

22
Q

What is a Giant Cell Tumor, aka osteoclastoma?

A

Osteolytic tumor
Occurs when growth plate closed

23
Q

Aneurismal Bone Cyst main characteristics

A

Expansile/osteolytic
In children/adolescents

24
Q

What is Fibrous Dysplasia?

A

Osteoblastic abnormalities
Replacement of normal bone w/ fibrous tissue

25
Characteristics of malignant bone tumors?
Metastasize Severe pain/night pain
26
What is Skeletal Metastasis and characteristics?
M/c malignant tumors of skeleton Fractures, cachexia, bone pain
27
What is Multiple Myeloma?
M/c primary malignant bone tumor
28
How does Multiple Myeloma Occur?
Proliferation of malignant plasma cells subsequent overabundance of abnormal proteins infiltration of red bone marrow
29
S&S of Multiple Myeloma
Bone pain Proteinuria - peeing out proteins
30
What is Osteosarcoma?
Second m/c primary malignant bone tumor
31
What is Chondrosarcoma?
A cartilaginous tumor
32
What is Ewing's Sarcoma? Where does it occur?
Undifferentiated bone marrow cells diaphysis of long bones
33
What is a Fibrosarcoma? Where is it usually found?
Malignant tumor of fibroblasts and collagen Usually found in knee - swelling
34
What is Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma composed of?
Composed of mesenchymal stem cells Very aggressive
35
What is Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Spread through lymphatic pathways
36
Hodgkin's Lymphoma contain Reed-Sternberg cells, which are what?
Abnormal B-cells
37
What is Osteomyelitis?
Inflammation of bone form infectious bacteria
38
Two types of Osteomyelitis?
Acute - initial infection Chronic - delayed treatment and prolonged infection
39
M/c etiology of Osteomyelitis?
staphylococcus aureus