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Orthopedic Pathology > Class 5 > Flashcards

Class 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degeneration of joints

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2
Q

Osteoarthritis etiology

A

Primary OA: Idiopathic
Secondary OA: joint trauma

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3
Q

Osteoarthritis general info

A

Normal wear and tear as one ages

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4
Q

Cardinal symptom of osteoarthritis

A

Pain

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5
Q

Other common OSteoarthritis locations

A

Knee, spine, hip

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6
Q

Common osteoarthritis places in hand

A

Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes

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7
Q

Osteoarthritis treatment

A

Anti-inflammatories, pain killers

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8
Q

How high impact activity affects osteoarthritis

A

trade off: increases pain but makes bones stronger

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9
Q

Osteoarthritis cartilage

A

cartilage breaks down by wear and tear

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10
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis is what?

A

Systemic inflammatory disease mostly in joints

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11
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis mostly affects whom?

A

women age 25-50

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12
Q

RA onset

A

gradual

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13
Q

RA symptom frequency

A

Intermittent, months to years, Remissions and exacerbations

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14
Q

RA causes what

A

Inflammation of joints

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15
Q

Pannus formation is what?

A

Synovial membrane grows/ affects surrounds bone/cartilage

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16
Q

RA symptoms

A

Pain, stiffness > 2 hours

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17
Q

RA begins where

A

Hands and wrists

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18
Q

Most common RA places

A

PIP, MCP, wrist, knee, MTP, subtalar, c1,c2

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19
Q

Hand deformities

A

Swan neck - pip hyperextend, dip flexed
Boutonniere - pip flexed, dip extended

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20
Q

Pleurisy (RA)

A

Pericarditis of lungs

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21
Q

Rheumatic nodules form % of individuals

A

in 50% of individuals

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22
Q

Rheumatoid factor how much % of RA cases

A

In 85% of people with RA

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23
Q

ESR and C-reactive protein (RA)

A

Blood tests for inflammation

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24
Q

RA treatment

A

Immunosuppressants - suppress immune system

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25
Q

RA prognosis

A

Shorter lifespan due to other system complications

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26
Q

RA spontaneous remission occurs in how many people

A

10%

27
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Inflamed vertebrae fuse together

28
Q

Ankylosis

A

Immobility of joint

29
Q

Spondylitis

A

Inflammation of vertebrae

30
Q

AS occurs in

A

Men 3:1 in early 20s-40s

31
Q

AS cause

A

unknown

32
Q

AS is inflammation where?

A

Where muscles and bones attach

33
Q

AS gets better with what?

A

Activity

34
Q

AS symptom

A

Flattened chest affecting breathing

35
Q

AS complications

A

osteoporosis, inflammation of eyes

36
Q

Bamboo spine

A

vertebrae have fused appearance

37
Q

AS treatment

A

Anti-inflammatories

38
Q

Psoriatic arthritis

A

arthritis with psoriasis of skin

39
Q

how many people with psoriasis get psoriatic athritis

A

1 in 20

40
Q

Cause of psoriatic arthritis

A

unknown

41
Q

Psoriatic arthritis mostly affects what?

A

Distal fingers/toes

42
Q

Psoriatic arthritis treatment

A

anti-inflammatories/immunosuppressants

43
Q

Gout (metabolic arthritis)

A

Excessive uric acid in blood deposited in tissue

44
Q

Gout cause

A

Urate overprod. or decreased excretion of uric acid

45
Q

Who gout affects most

A

Males 9:1 age 40-50

46
Q

Gout risk factors

A

obese, alcohol, hypertension

47
Q

Most common gout sign

A

1st MTP joint nodular mass

48
Q

Gout diagnosis

A

Uric acid blood test

49
Q

Gout tophi

A

urate crystals found in synovial fluid,

50
Q

Gout treatment

A

anti-inflammatories, uric acid inhibitor

51
Q

Infectious aka septic arthritis

A

Infection goes into joint

52
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

m/c cause in adults septic arthritis

53
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

most common cause children septic arthritis

54
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

sexually active young adults septic arthritis

55
Q

Escherichia coli

A

common in elderly

56
Q

How bacteria gets into joints

A

Direct from needle or through blood

57
Q

Septic arthritis pathology

A

bacteria adheres to synovium

58
Q

Septic arthritis signs and symptoms

A

joint issues/infections

59
Q

Infectious arthritis diagnosis

A

Aspirate - extract synovial fluid and analyze it

60
Q

Septic arthritis treatment

A

Medical emergency that ruin joints very quickly

61
Q

Charcot disease

A

Degeneration of stress bearing portion of joint

62
Q

Diabetic neuropathy

A

sugar stick to blood vessels in nerves, nerve degeneration

63
Q

Charcot disease affects perception how?

A

Affects sensation in feet, where they are

Orthopedic Pathology (12 decks)

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