Class 5 Flashcards
Osteoarthritis
Degeneration of joints
Osteoarthritis etiology
Primary OA: Idiopathic
Secondary OA: joint trauma
Osteoarthritis general info
Normal wear and tear as one ages
Cardinal symptom of osteoarthritis
Pain
Other common OSteoarthritis locations
Knee, spine, hip
Common osteoarthritis places in hand
Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes
Osteoarthritis treatment
Anti-inflammatories, pain killers
How high impact activity affects osteoarthritis
trade off: increases pain but makes bones stronger
Osteoarthritis cartilage
cartilage breaks down by wear and tear
Rheumatoid arthritis is what?
Systemic inflammatory disease mostly in joints
Rheumatoid arthritis mostly affects whom?
women age 25-50
RA onset
gradual
RA symptom frequency
Intermittent, months to years, Remissions and exacerbations
RA causes what
Inflammation of joints
Pannus formation is what?
Synovial membrane grows/ affects surrounds bone/cartilage
RA symptoms
Pain, stiffness > 2 hours
RA begins where
Hands and wrists
Most common RA places
PIP, MCP, wrist, knee, MTP, subtalar, c1,c2
Hand deformities
Swan neck - pip hyperextend, dip flexed
Boutonniere - pip flexed, dip extended
Pleurisy (RA)
Pericarditis of lungs
Rheumatic nodules form % of individuals
in 50% of individuals
Rheumatoid factor how much % of RA cases
In 85% of people with RA
ESR and C-reactive protein (RA)
Blood tests for inflammation
RA treatment
Immunosuppressants - suppress immune system
RA prognosis
Shorter lifespan due to other system complications
RA spontaneous remission occurs in how many people
10%
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflamed vertebrae fuse together
Ankylosis
Immobility of joint
Spondylitis
Inflammation of vertebrae
AS occurs in
Men 3:1 in early 20s-40s
AS cause
unknown
AS is inflammation where?
Where muscles and bones attach
AS gets better with what?
Activity
AS symptom
Flattened chest affecting breathing
AS complications
osteoporosis, inflammation of eyes
Bamboo spine
vertebrae have fused appearance
AS treatment
Anti-inflammatories
Psoriatic arthritis
arthritis with psoriasis of skin
how many people with psoriasis get psoriatic athritis
1 in 20
Cause of psoriatic arthritis
unknown
Psoriatic arthritis mostly affects what?
Distal fingers/toes
Psoriatic arthritis treatment
anti-inflammatories/immunosuppressants
Gout (metabolic arthritis)
Excessive uric acid in blood deposited in tissue
Gout cause
Urate overprod. or decreased excretion of uric acid
Who gout affects most
Males 9:1 age 40-50
Gout risk factors
obese, alcohol, hypertension
Most common gout sign
1st MTP joint nodular mass
Gout diagnosis
Uric acid blood test
Gout tophi
urate crystals found in synovial fluid,
Gout treatment
anti-inflammatories, uric acid inhibitor
Infectious aka septic arthritis
Infection goes into joint
Staphylococcus aureus
m/c cause in adults septic arthritis
Haemophilus influenzae
most common cause children septic arthritis
Neisseria gonorrhoea
sexually active young adults septic arthritis
Escherichia coli
common in elderly
How bacteria gets into joints
Direct from needle or through blood
Septic arthritis pathology
bacteria adheres to synovium
Septic arthritis signs and symptoms
joint issues/infections
Infectious arthritis diagnosis
Aspirate - extract synovial fluid and analyze it
Septic arthritis treatment
Medical emergency that ruin joints very quickly
Charcot disease
Degeneration of stress bearing portion of joint
Diabetic neuropathy
sugar stick to blood vessels in nerves, nerve degeneration
Charcot disease affects perception how?
Affects sensation in feet, where they are
