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Orthopedic Pathology > Class 11 > Flashcards

Class 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is glenohumeral hypermobility

GH hypermobility

A

When humeral head translates to greater degree

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2
Q

What is glenohumeral instability

GH instability

A

Inability to maintain humeral head in glenoid fossa

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3
Q

How does atraumatic GH instability occur

GH instability

A

Congenital or repetitive injury

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4
Q

Which joint is disloacted in a shoulder separation?

Shoulder separation

A

Acromioclavicular

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5
Q

Grade 1 shoulder separation

Shoulder separation

A

Tearing of AC joint capsule

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6
Q

Grade 2 shoulder separation

Shoulder separation

A

Tear of AC joint capsule/AC ligaments

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7
Q

Grade 3 shoulder separation

Shoulder separation

A

Tear of joint capsule, AC ligaments, and coraclavicular ligaments

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8
Q

Shoulder dislocation which joint? M/c direction?

Most commonly dislocated joint?

Shoulder dislocation

A

GH
Anterior - M/C

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9
Q

What is bicipital tendonitis?

Bicipital tendonitis

A

Degenerative changes in long head of biceps muscle tendon

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10
Q

How could bicep tendon rupture occur?

Bicep tendon rupture

A

Pre-existing degenerative changes may cause rupture during flx.

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11
Q

What is frozen shoulder

Adhesive capsulitis

A

painful restriction of active/passive ROM at shoulder jt

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12
Q

Frozen shoulder acute phase

“Freezing”

A

2-9 months
gradual pain
more pain at night

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13
Q

Frozen shoulder subacute phase

“frozen phase”

A

4-12 months
severe pain diminishes
stiffness main complain

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14
Q

Frozen shoulder chronic phase

“Thawing”

A

Spontaneous resolution after 2 years
Full ROM not always regained

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15
Q

What is impingement syndrome

A

Inflammation, pain, edema in subacromion space

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16
Q

What impingement syndrome causes

A

Painful compression of rotator cuff tendons

17
Q

Difference b/w functional and structural impingement syndrome

Impingement syndrome

A

Structural: reduction of subacromial area
Functional: shoulder instability

18
Q

Impingement syndrome stage 1

Impingement syndrome

A

Edema and hemorrhage of subacromial bursa

19
Q

Impingement syndrome stage 2

A

Tendinitis and fibrosis

20
Q

Impingement syndrome stage 3

A

Complete or incomplete tendinous rupture

21
Q

Posterior dislocation of elbow requires?

A

Significant force.
foosh, sports, mva

22
Q

Olecranon Bursitis caused by

Students elbow

A

Hard impacts or constant lean on elbow

23
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

Tennis Elbow

A

Premature degeneration in flat tendinous origin of forearm extensor mm

24
Q

Tennis elbow characterized by?

Lateral epicondylitis

A

Pain at lateral aspect of elbow

25
Q

Medial epicondylitis cause

Golfer’s elbow

A

Repetitive flexion movements of wrist

26
Q

Lunate dislocation common direction

A

Anterior

27
Q

Lunate dislocation occurs how?

A

falling on dorsiflexed hand

28
Q

Dequarvains Tenosynovitis

A
  • Inflammation of abductor pollicis longus / extensor pollicis brevis tendon sheath
29
Q

Dequarvains Tenosynovitis cause

A

Repetitive use microtrauma from repeated thumb use

30
Q

Trigger Finger

A

Thickening of common fibrous sheath around deep/superficial flexor tendons

31
Q

Trigger finger causes what?

A

unable to actively extend

32
Q

What is mallet finger? How does it occur

A

Injury to distal IP joint
Occurs from sporting injry

33
Q

Gamekeepers thumb

A

Tear or rupture of ulnar collateral ligament 1st MCP joint

34
Q

Jersey finger

Rugby finger

A

Rupture of Flexor digitorum profundus tendon

35
Q

Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture

A

Permanent flexion contraction of hand/fingers

36
Q

Causes of Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture

A

fractures of arm/forearm leading to ischemia/necrosis

37
Q

Duptuytren’s Contracture

A

Contracture of palmar fascia

38
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture leads to

A

permanent flx of one or more digits

Orthopedic Pathology (12 decks)

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