Class 10 Flashcards
What is Scheuermann’s Disease
Thoracic spine pathology
Bone damaged due to lack of blood supply
Blood supply is restored and bone growth continues w/ structure deformity
What is typically affected first in Scheurmann’s disease
Scheurmann’s disease
Lower thoracic and upper lumbar
What is the m/c cause of structural kyphosis in adolescents
Scheurmann’s Disease
What is Sprengel’s Deformity
Thoracic Spine Pathology
Scapula fails to descend in utero
girls 3:1
Pectus Excavatum
aka Funnel Chest
Structural T-spine defects
M/c chest wall deformity
depression in sternum
Pectus carinatum
aka Pigeon breast
Structural T-spine defects
Anterior protrusion of sternum
Barrell Chest
Structural T-spine defects
Increase in AP dimensions of chest wall
What is Central Stenosis. What can it lead to?
Lumbar Spine Pathologies
Narrowing of spinal canal
Neurological symptoms
Where is Central Stenosis most common?
Lumbar spine
What is Spondylosis? What does it commonly refer to?
Lumbar spine pathologies
Vertebral column degeneration
Refers to: Vertebral osteoarthritis
What is Spondylolysis
Lumbar pathologies
Interruption of pars interarticularis
What is Spondylolisthesis
Lumbar pathology
Gap at pars defect widens. Can occur anteriorly/posteriorly
What are Schmorl’s Nodes
Lumbar pathology
Disc compresses into vertebral body and projects outwards
Butterfly vertebrae
Lumbar pathology
Two sides of vertebrae do not fuse together
What is Degenerative Disc Disease
Lumbar Pathology
Discs in spine degenerate
What are the two main components of DDD
Degenerative Disc Disease
Annulus Fibrosus - layers of collagen
Nucleus pulposus - jelly-like material in center of disc
Why don’t discs repair quickly
Degenerative Disc Disease
Hypovascularized - less supply, slow repair
Where does the most significant change happen in DDD
Degenerative Disc Disease
Nucleus pulposus - number of cells/water decrease
What happens to annular fibers in DDD
Degenerative Disc Disease
Become weaker and elastic
Which portion of disc weakens first and which movements are affected?
Degenerative disc disease
Posterolateral
Flexion and rotational movements
Why is a disc hernitation less likely after age 50
Degenerative Disc Disease
Disc usually fibrosed
What is Cauda Equina Syndrome?
“Horse Tail”
Lumbar pathologies
Compression of spinal cord at L2
Start to fray apart
What are symptoms of Cauda Equina
Lumbar pathology
Saddle anaesthesia - numbness/tingling in innter thigh area
What is lumbarization
Lumbar pathology
Nonfusion of first and second sacral bits - added L6 vertbrae
What is sacralization
Lumbar pathology
5th lumbar fuses with first sacral segment
May alter biomechanics
