Class 10

Question 1

What is Scheuermann’s Disease

Thoracic spine pathology

Answer 1

Bone damaged due to lack of blood supply
Blood supply is restored and bone growth continues w/ structure deformity

Question 2

What is typically affected first in Scheurmann’s disease

Scheurmann’s disease

Answer 2

Lower thoracic and upper lumbar

Question 3

What is the m/c cause of structural kyphosis in adolescents

Answer 3

Scheurmann’s Disease

Question 4

What is Sprengel’s Deformity

Thoracic Spine Pathology

Answer 4

Scapula fails to descend in utero
girls 3:1

Question 5

Pectus Excavatum

aka Funnel Chest

Structural T-spine defects

Answer 5

M/c chest wall deformity
depression in sternum

Question 6

Pectus carinatum

aka Pigeon breast

Structural T-spine defects

Answer 6

Anterior protrusion of sternum

Question 7

Barrell Chest

Structural T-spine defects

Answer 7

Increase in AP dimensions of chest wall

Question 8

What is Central Stenosis. What can it lead to?

Lumbar Spine Pathologies

Answer 8

Narrowing of spinal canal
Neurological symptoms

Question 9

Where is Central Stenosis most common?

Answer 9

Lumbar spine

Question 10

What is Spondylosis? What does it commonly refer to?

Lumbar spine pathologies

Answer 10

Vertebral column degeneration
Refers to: Vertebral osteoarthritis

Question 11

What is Spondylolysis

Lumbar pathologies

Answer 11

Interruption of pars interarticularis

Question 12

What is Spondylolisthesis

Lumbar pathology

Answer 12

Gap at pars defect widens. Can occur anteriorly/posteriorly

Question 13

What are Schmorl’s Nodes

Lumbar pathology

Answer 13

Disc compresses into vertebral body and projects outwards

Question 14

Butterfly vertebrae

Lumbar pathology

Answer 14

Two sides of vertebrae do not fuse together

Question 15

What is Degenerative Disc Disease

Lumbar Pathology

Answer 15

Discs in spine degenerate

Question 16

What are the two main components of DDD

Degenerative Disc Disease

Answer 16

Annulus Fibrosus - layers of collagen
Nucleus pulposus - jelly-like material in center of disc

Question 17

Why don’t discs repair quickly

Degenerative Disc Disease

Answer 17

Hypovascularized - less supply, slow repair

Question 18

Where does the most significant change happen in DDD

Degenerative Disc Disease

Answer 18

Nucleus pulposus - number of cells/water decrease

Question 19

What happens to annular fibers in DDD

Degenerative Disc Disease

Answer 19

Become weaker and elastic

Question 20

Which portion of disc weakens first and which movements are affected?

Degenerative disc disease

Answer 20

Posterolateral
Flexion and rotational movements

Question 21

Why is a disc hernitation less likely after age 50

Degenerative Disc Disease

Answer 21

Disc usually fibrosed

Question 22

What is Cauda Equina Syndrome?

“Horse Tail”

Lumbar pathologies

Answer 22

Compression of spinal cord at L2
Start to fray apart

Question 23

What are symptoms of Cauda Equina

Lumbar pathology

Answer 23

Saddle anaesthesia - numbness/tingling in innter thigh area

Question 24

What is lumbarization

Lumbar pathology

Answer 24

Nonfusion of first and second sacral bits - added L6 vertbrae

Question 25

What is sacralization

Lumbar pathology

Answer 25

5th lumbar fuses with first sacral segment
May alter biomechanics