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Orthopedic Pathology > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sprain

A

overstretch/tear to ligament

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2
Q

Signs of strains

A

pain, swelling, bruising

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3
Q

Grade 1 sprain (mild)

A

minor tear, minimal pain, continue ADL’s

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4
Q

Grade 2 sprain (moderate)

A

partial tear, moderate pain, some loss of function

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5
Q

Grade 3 sprain (severe)

A

complete tear, severe pain, instability, no weight bearing

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6
Q

Joint effusion

A

excess synovial fluid in joint

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7
Q

Hemaarthrosis

A

bleeding into synovial space

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8
Q

Why ligaments heal slowly

A

scar tissue 6 weeks to develop/ 6 months to provide full strength

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9
Q

Ankle lateral ligaments likely which sprain

A

Inversion

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10
Q

Most common ankle sprain

A

Anterior talofibular

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11
Q

Common knee sprains

A

PCL, ACL, MCL, LCL

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12
Q

Terrible triad structures

A

medial meniscus, ACL, MCL

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13
Q

Most common wrist sprain

A

palmar radiocarpal

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14
Q

Common shoulder sprain

A

Acromioclavicular

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15
Q

Grade 1 and 2 sprain treatment

A

R.I.C.E

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16
Q

Grade 3 sprain treatment

A

Surgury/ braced 10 weeks

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17
Q

What is a strain

A

Overstretch to musculotendinous unit

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18
Q

Acute strain

A

sudden overstretch or extreme contraction

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19
Q

Chronic strain caused by

A

Overuse

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20
Q

Concentric contraction

A

O + I closer together

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21
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

O + I further apart

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22
Q

Grade 1 strain (mild)

A

Mild swelling/pain, continue ADL’s, 2-3 weeks heal

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23
Q

Grade 2 strain (moderate)

A

Difficult ADL’s, 3-6 weeks heal,

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24
Q

Grade 3 strain (severe)

A

Complete muscle rupture, severe pain, no ADL’s, 3 months healing

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25
Grade 1-2 strain treatment
Rest + rehab
26
Grade 3 strain treatment
Surgery
27
Contusion
Crush injury to muscle (bruising)
28
Cause of contusion
direct blow to muscle
29
Mild contusion
minor crush, continue ADL's, minimal loss ROM/strength
30
Moderate contusion
20-50% loss ROM, moderate pain, difficult ADL's
31
Severe contusion
>50% loss ROM, no ADL's, severe pain
32
Hematoma
Pooling of blood (bruise)
33
Myositis Ossificans
Blood turns into small bone pieces
34
effects of Myositis Ossificans
muscle strength decrease, spasms, local inflammation
35
Cruciate ligament does what
check motion at knee in extension
36
ACL
Prevents knee extension
37
PCL
Prevents posterior tibia movement on femur
38
Management of cruciate injuries
rest, surgery, rehabilitation
39
Menisci
Provide shock absorption 30-55% of load at knee
40
Medial menisci shape
Semicircle (C)
41
Lateral menisci shape
Almost complete circle (O)
42
Cause of menisci injury
Twisting while foot planted
43
Spasms
Involuntary, sustained muscle contraction
44
Cramp
Prolonged muscle spasm
45
Reflex muscle guarding
Spasm in response to pain
46
Intrinsic muscle spasm
Prolonged contraction due to local circulatory changes
47
Muscle tone
Resistance of relaxed muscle to passive stretch
48
Muscle tension
muscle held in sustained contraction
49
Neurologists hypertonicity
upper motor neuron disorders
50
osteopathic hypertonicity
increase present with painful muscles
51
Spasticity
Increased tone in response to stretch
52
Rigidity
Continuous contraction
53
trigger point
hyperirritable spot in taut band of muscle
54
Active trigger point
Painful at rest, tender
55
Latent trigger point
produces pain when palpated
56
Primary trigger point caused by
Acute or chronic strain or overload
57
Secondary trigger point caused by
In overworked synergist or antagonist muscles
58
Satellite trigger point
In referral pattern of another trigger point
59
Myopathy
Muscle disease
60
Myalgia
Muscle pain
61
Myotonia
Slow relaxation of muscle
62
Myositis
Muscle inflammation

Orthopedic Pathology (12 decks)

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