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Orthopedic Pathology > Class 1 > Flashcards

Class 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sprain

A

overstretch/tear to ligament

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2
Q

Signs of strains

A

pain, swelling, bruising

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3
Q

Grade 1 sprain (mild)

A

minor tear, minimal pain, continue ADL’s

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4
Q

Grade 2 sprain (moderate)

A

partial tear, moderate pain, some loss of function

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5
Q

Grade 3 sprain (severe)

A

complete tear, severe pain, instability, no weight bearing

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6
Q

Joint effusion

A

excess synovial fluid in joint

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7
Q

Hemaarthrosis

A

bleeding into synovial space

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8
Q

Why ligaments heal slowly

A

scar tissue 6 weeks to develop/ 6 months to provide full strength

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9
Q

Ankle lateral ligaments likely which sprain

A

Inversion

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10
Q

Most common ankle sprain

A

Anterior talofibular

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11
Q

Common knee sprains

A

PCL, ACL, MCL, LCL

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12
Q

Terrible triad structures

A

medial meniscus, ACL, MCL

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13
Q

Most common wrist sprain

A

palmar radiocarpal

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14
Q

Common shoulder sprain

A

Acromioclavicular

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15
Q

Grade 1 and 2 sprain treatment

A

R.I.C.E

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16
Q

Grade 3 sprain treatment

A

Surgury/ braced 10 weeks

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17
Q

What is a strain

A

Overstretch to musculotendinous unit

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18
Q

Acute strain

A

sudden overstretch or extreme contraction

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19
Q

Chronic strain caused by

A

Overuse

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20
Q

Concentric contraction

A

O + I closer together

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21
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

O + I further apart

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22
Q

Grade 1 strain (mild)

A

Mild swelling/pain, continue ADL’s, 2-3 weeks heal

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23
Q

Grade 2 strain (moderate)

A

Difficult ADL’s, 3-6 weeks heal,

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24
Q

Grade 3 strain (severe)

A

Complete muscle rupture, severe pain, no ADL’s, 3 months healing

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25
Q

Grade 1-2 strain treatment

A

Rest + rehab

26
Q

Grade 3 strain treatment

A

Surgery

27
Q

Contusion

A

Crush injury to muscle (bruising)

28
Q

Cause of contusion

A

direct blow to muscle

29
Q

Mild contusion

A

minor crush, continue ADL’s, minimal loss ROM/strength

30
Q

Moderate contusion

A

20-50% loss ROM, moderate pain, difficult ADL’s

31
Q

Severe contusion

A

> 50% loss ROM, no ADL’s, severe pain

32
Q

Hematoma

A

Pooling of blood (bruise)

33
Q

Myositis Ossificans

A

Blood turns into small bone pieces

34
Q

effects of Myositis Ossificans

A

muscle strength decrease, spasms, local inflammation

35
Q

Cruciate ligament does what

A

check motion at knee in extension

36
Q

ACL

A

Prevents knee extension

37
Q

PCL

A

Prevents posterior tibia movement on femur

38
Q

Management of cruciate injuries

A

rest, surgery, rehabilitation

39
Q

Menisci

A

Provide shock absorption 30-55% of load at knee

40
Q

Medial menisci shape

A

Semicircle (C)

41
Q

Lateral menisci shape

A

Almost complete circle (O)

42
Q

Cause of menisci injury

A

Twisting while foot planted

43
Q

Spasms

A

Involuntary, sustained muscle contraction

44
Q

Cramp

A

Prolonged muscle spasm

45
Q

Reflex muscle guarding

A

Spasm in response to pain

46
Q

Intrinsic muscle spasm

A

Prolonged contraction due to local circulatory changes

47
Q

Muscle tone

A

Resistance of relaxed muscle to passive stretch

48
Q

Muscle tension

A

muscle held in sustained contraction

49
Q

Neurologists hypertonicity

A

upper motor neuron disorders

50
Q

osteopathic hypertonicity

A

increase present with painful muscles

51
Q

Spasticity

A

Increased tone in response to stretch

52
Q

Rigidity

A

Continuous contraction

53
Q

trigger point

A

hyperirritable spot in taut band of muscle

54
Q

Active trigger point

A

Painful at rest, tender

55
Q

Latent trigger point

A

produces pain when palpated

56
Q

Primary trigger point caused by

A

Acute or chronic strain or overload

57
Q

Secondary trigger point caused by

A

In overworked synergist or antagonist muscles

58
Q

Satellite trigger point

A

In referral pattern of another trigger point

59
Q

Myopathy

A

Muscle disease

60
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle pain

61
Q

Myotonia

A

Slow relaxation of muscle

62
Q

Myositis

A

Muscle inflammation

Orthopedic Pathology (12 decks)

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