Class 13 Flashcards
Nerve pathologies
What is TOS
Compression of neurovascular structures exiting thoracic outlet
What structures are associated with TOS
Brachial plexus, subclavian artery, subclavian vein
Causes of TOS
cervical rib
poor posture/positioning
immune disease
trauma
What are the three main areas TOS occurs?
Interscalene triangle
Costoclavicular space
subcoracoid space
What is interscalene triangle?
Anterior scalene syndrome
B/w mid and ant scalene
contain brachial plexus and subclavian artery
What is costoclavicular space?
B/w clavicle and 1st rib
contains brachial plexus, subclavian artery/vein
What is subcoracoid space?
aka pectoralis minor syndrome, hyperabduction syndrome
B/w coracoid process, pec minor, ribs
contains brachial plexus and subclavian artery
What is the radial nerve
continuation of brachial plexus
travels spiral groove of humerus
What does radial nerve primarily innervate
Posterior arms
Causes of radial nerve entrapment
fracture
dislocation
surgery complications
compression
supinator syndrome
symptoms of radial nerve entrapment
Wrist drop - weak extensors
muscle wasting
sensation dysfunction
Where median nerve travels
with brachial artery
can be compressed by pronator teres
through carpal tunnel
what does median nerve innervate
forearm/hand flexor muscles
causes of median nerve entrapment
fractures
dislocations
compression
trauma
Symptoms of median nerve entrapment
ape hand
muscle atrophy
altered sensation
Carpal Tunnel syndrome
Compression of median nerve
What is most common entrapment syndrome in arm
Carpal tunnel
How carpal tunnel occurs
highly repetitive ext/flx at wrist
What happens to nerve passing through canal in carpal tunnel
pressure on nerve
Where does the ulnar nerve travel
medial humerus
through ulnar groove, medial elbow
OVER carpal tunnel
Symptoms of Ulnar nerve entrapment
Claw hand
Positive Frement’s sign
What is piriformis syndrome?
Compression of sciatic nerve by piriformis muscle
What does piriformis syndrome cause?
numbness, tingling at posterior buttocks/thigh
piriformis treament
corticosteroids
stretch/strength
SI joint mobs
Sciatic nerve is composed of what?
tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
causes of piriformis syndrome
tightness
trauma
inflammation
posture/wallet
trp
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Compression of tibial nerve in tarsal tunnel
What forms tarsal tunnel
flexor retinaculum b/w malleolus/calcaneus
