Class 13

Question 1

What is TOS

Answer 1

Compression of neurovascular structures exiting thoracic outlet

Question 2

What structures are associated with TOS

Answer 2

Brachial plexus, subclavian artery, subclavian vein

Question 3

Causes of TOS

Answer 3

cervical rib
poor posture/positioning
immune disease
trauma

Question 4

What are the three main areas TOS occurs?

Answer 4

Interscalene triangle
Costoclavicular space
subcoracoid space

Question 5

What is interscalene triangle?

Anterior scalene syndrome

Answer 5

B/w mid and ant scalene
contain brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Question 6

What is costoclavicular space?

Answer 6

B/w clavicle and 1st rib
contains brachial plexus, subclavian artery/vein

Question 7

What is subcoracoid space?

aka pectoralis minor syndrome, hyperabduction syndrome

Answer 7

B/w coracoid process, pec minor, ribs
contains brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Question 8

What is the radial nerve

Answer 8

continuation of brachial plexus
travels spiral groove of humerus

Question 9

What does radial nerve primarily innervate

Answer 9

Posterior arms

Question 10

Causes of radial nerve entrapment

Answer 10

fracture
dislocation
surgery complications
compression
supinator syndrome

Question 11

symptoms of radial nerve entrapment

Answer 11

Wrist drop - weak extensors
muscle wasting
sensation dysfunction

Question 12

Where median nerve travels

Answer 12

with brachial artery
can be compressed by pronator teres
through carpal tunnel

Question 13

what does median nerve innervate

Answer 13

forearm/hand flexor muscles

Question 14

causes of median nerve entrapment

Answer 14

fractures
dislocations
compression
trauma

Question 15

Symptoms of median nerve entrapment

Answer 15

ape hand
muscle atrophy
altered sensation

Question 16

Carpal Tunnel syndrome

Answer 16

Compression of median nerve

Question 17

What is most common entrapment syndrome in arm

Answer 17

Carpal tunnel

Question 18

How carpal tunnel occurs

Answer 18

highly repetitive ext/flx at wrist

Question 19

What happens to nerve passing through canal in carpal tunnel

Answer 19

pressure on nerve

Question 20

Where does the ulnar nerve travel

Answer 20

medial humerus
through ulnar groove, medial elbow
OVER carpal tunnel

Question 21

Symptoms of Ulnar nerve entrapment

Answer 21

Claw hand
Positive Frement’s sign

Question 22

What is piriformis syndrome?

Answer 22

Compression of sciatic nerve by piriformis muscle

Question 23

What does piriformis syndrome cause?

Answer 23

numbness, tingling at posterior buttocks/thigh

Question 24

piriformis treament

Answer 24

corticosteroids
stretch/strength
SI joint mobs

Question 24

Sciatic nerve is composed of what?

Answer 24

tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Question 25

causes of piriformis syndrome

Answer 25

tightness
trauma
inflammation
posture/wallet
trp

Question 26

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 26

Compression of tibial nerve in tarsal tunnel

Question 27

What forms tarsal tunnel

Answer 27

flexor retinaculum b/w malleolus/calcaneus