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Orthopedic Pathology > Class 12 > Flashcards

Class 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common hip dislocation?

Classification

A

Posterior dislocation

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2
Q

How posterior hip dislocation presents?

A

Shortened and internally rotated

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3
Q

Least common hip dislocation?

A

Anterior

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4
Q

How does anterior hip dislocation present?

A

Externally rotated

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5
Q

How does central hip dislocation present?

A

Severe blow lateral to hip
always w/ fracture

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6
Q

What is IT band contracture?

A

contracture/thickening of IT band

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7
Q

How does IT band contracture alter biomechanics?

A

Knee and hip altered with compensation in SI or ankle

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8
Q

What is IT band friction syndrome?

A

Inflammation/pain where IT band cross lateral femoral condyle

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9
Q

Causes of IT band issues?

A

Overuse flexion hip and knee
Repetitive use - running/cycling
Postural imbalance

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10
Q

How IT band issues present?

Clinical Manifestation

A

Pain
Contracture
Inflammation at lateral femoral condyle

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11
Q

How to treat IT band

A

activity modify
hydro/cryo
massage
stretch

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12
Q

What is prepatellar bursitis?

Gardeners

Bursitis

A

Prolonged kneeling or recent trauma to ant knee

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13
Q

Patellofemoral Pain syndrome?

A

Pain around patellofemoral joint.
Mechanism not fully understood

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14
Q

Contributing factors to patellofemoral

A

Abnormal biomechanics
Abnormal shape of patella
tight muscles
weak muscles

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15
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome clinical manifestiation

A

Anterior knee pain
sitting long periods
walking up and down
squatting

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16
Q

Patellofemoral treatment

A

NSAIDS
brace
manual therapy
orthotics

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17
Q

Chondromalicia Patella?

A

Softening of cartilage of patella

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18
Q

What are shin splints/how are they caused?

A

Pain and discomfort in the leg from repetitive activity on hard surfaces or excessive use of foot flexors

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19
Q

What is Shin splints known as

A

Medial tibial stress syndrome

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20
Q

What can shin splints be grouped with

A

Periostitis

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21
Q

Shin splint causes

A

Overuse
overtraining
running on hard surface
poor footwear

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22
Q

Shin splints clinical presentation

A

Pain in posteromedial border of tibia
usually mid/low
bilateral
excessive foot pronation

23
Q

shin splint treatment

A

Rest 2-6 weeks
Ice
nsaids
gradual return to activity

24
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Critical pressure increase within compartmental space

25
Q

Where compartment syndrome most commonly occurs

A

anterior leg compartment

26
Q

How compartment syndrome occurs?

A

Swelling/blleeding can increase intra-compartmental presure

27
Q

Acute compartment syndrome etiology

A

Due to trauma
tibial fracture

28
Q

Acute compartment syndrome presentation

A

severe pain
skin taut/shiny

29
Q

How to diagnose acute compartment syndrome

A

Intra-compartmental pressure monitoring

30
Q

Treatment for acute compartment syndrome?

A

Emergency fasciotomy

31
Q

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome etiology

A

Exercise induced/overuse
overtraining, etc..

32
Q

Chronic compartment syndrome presentation

A

cramping pain, achy

33
Q

Chronic compartment syndrome treatment

A

rest
massage
activity modification

34
Q

Achilles tendonitis

A

Common overuse injury
microtears and inflammation

35
Q

Clinical manifestation of achilles tendonitis

A

mid-tendon pain
redness/swelling
crepitus

36
Q

Achilles tendon rupture

A

Most commonly ruptured tendon

37
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

Overuse condition of inflammation of plantar fascia

38
Q

What is the most common cause of foot pain in athletes

A

Plantar fasciitis

39
Q

Clinical presentation of plantar fasciitis

A

Sharp heel pain

40
Q

What are calcaneal/heel spurs

A

Bony outgrowths on calcaneus

41
Q

How does calcaneal spurs occur?

A

continuous pulling on attachment sites
back of heel: calcaneal
under sole: plantar fascia

42
Q

Hindfoot varus

A

inversion of calcaneus

43
Q

Hindfoot valgus

A

eversion of calcaneus

44
Q

forefoot varus

A

inversion of forefoot at midtarsal joint

45
Q

Forefoot valgus

A

eversion of forefoot at midtarsal joint

46
Q

What is Pes Planus

A

Flat feet
Sole in contact with ground

47
Q

What are the functional causes of pes planus

A

ligamentous laxity/muscle weakness
reversible

48
Q

What are structural causes of pes planus?

A

Bony malformation
Irreversible

49
Q

pes planus treatment

A

orthotics
surgery

50
Q

What is pes cavus?

Claw foot?

A

Increased arches
Toes appear clawed

51
Q

What is hallux valgus?

A

Valgus orientation of big toe

52
Q

Hammer toe

A

MTP hyperextension, pip flexion, dip hyperextension

53
Q

Claw toe

A

MTP hyperextension, PIP and DIP flexion

54
Q

Mallet toe

A

DIP flexion

Orthopedic Pathology (12 decks)

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