Class 12 Flashcards
Most common hip dislocation?
Classification
Posterior dislocation
How posterior hip dislocation presents?
Shortened and internally rotated
Least common hip dislocation?
Anterior
How does anterior hip dislocation present?
Externally rotated
How does central hip dislocation present?
Severe blow lateral to hip
always w/ fracture
What is IT band contracture?
contracture/thickening of IT band
How does IT band contracture alter biomechanics?
Knee and hip altered with compensation in SI or ankle
What is IT band friction syndrome?
Inflammation/pain where IT band cross lateral femoral condyle
Causes of IT band issues?
Overuse flexion hip and knee
Repetitive use - running/cycling
Postural imbalance
How IT band issues present?
Clinical Manifestation
Pain
Contracture
Inflammation at lateral femoral condyle
How to treat IT band
activity modify
hydro/cryo
massage
stretch
What is prepatellar bursitis?
Gardeners
Bursitis
Prolonged kneeling or recent trauma to ant knee
Patellofemoral Pain syndrome?
Pain around patellofemoral joint.
Mechanism not fully understood
Contributing factors to patellofemoral
Abnormal biomechanics
Abnormal shape of patella
tight muscles
weak muscles
Patellofemoral syndrome clinical manifestiation
Anterior knee pain
sitting long periods
walking up and down
squatting
Patellofemoral treatment
NSAIDS
brace
manual therapy
orthotics
Chondromalicia Patella?
Softening of cartilage of patella
What are shin splints/how are they caused?
Pain and discomfort in the leg from repetitive activity on hard surfaces or excessive use of foot flexors
What is Shin splints known as
Medial tibial stress syndrome
What can shin splints be grouped with
Periostitis
Shin splint causes
Overuse
overtraining
running on hard surface
poor footwear
Shin splints clinical presentation
Pain in posteromedial border of tibia
usually mid/low
bilateral
excessive foot pronation
shin splint treatment
Rest 2-6 weeks
Ice
nsaids
gradual return to activity
What is compartment syndrome?
Critical pressure increase within compartmental space
Where compartment syndrome most commonly occurs
anterior leg compartment
How compartment syndrome occurs?
Swelling/blleeding can increase intra-compartmental presure
Acute compartment syndrome etiology
Due to trauma
tibial fracture
Acute compartment syndrome presentation
severe pain
skin taut/shiny
How to diagnose acute compartment syndrome
Intra-compartmental pressure monitoring
Treatment for acute compartment syndrome?
Emergency fasciotomy
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome etiology
Exercise induced/overuse
overtraining, etc..
Chronic compartment syndrome presentation
cramping pain, achy
Chronic compartment syndrome treatment
rest
massage
activity modification
Achilles tendonitis
Common overuse injury
microtears and inflammation
Clinical manifestation of achilles tendonitis
mid-tendon pain
redness/swelling
crepitus
Achilles tendon rupture
Most commonly ruptured tendon
Plantar fasciitis
Overuse condition of inflammation of plantar fascia
What is the most common cause of foot pain in athletes
Plantar fasciitis
Clinical presentation of plantar fasciitis
Sharp heel pain
What are calcaneal/heel spurs
Bony outgrowths on calcaneus
How does calcaneal spurs occur?
continuous pulling on attachment sites
back of heel: calcaneal
under sole: plantar fascia
Hindfoot varus
inversion of calcaneus
Hindfoot valgus
eversion of calcaneus
forefoot varus
inversion of forefoot at midtarsal joint
Forefoot valgus
eversion of forefoot at midtarsal joint
What is Pes Planus
Flat feet
Sole in contact with ground
What are the functional causes of pes planus
ligamentous laxity/muscle weakness
reversible
What are structural causes of pes planus?
Bony malformation
Irreversible
pes planus treatment
orthotics
surgery
What is pes cavus?
Claw foot?
Increased arches
Toes appear clawed
What is hallux valgus?
Valgus orientation of big toe
Hammer toe
MTP hyperextension, pip flexion, dip hyperextension
Claw toe
MTP hyperextension, PIP and DIP flexion
Mallet toe
DIP flexion
