Class 12

Question 1

Most common hip dislocation?

Classification

Answer 1

Posterior dislocation

Question 2

How posterior hip dislocation presents?

Answer 2

Shortened and internally rotated

Question 3

Least common hip dislocation?

Answer 3

Anterior

Question 4

How does anterior hip dislocation present?

Answer 4

Externally rotated

Question 5

How does central hip dislocation present?

Answer 5

Severe blow lateral to hip
always w/ fracture

Question 6

What is IT band contracture?

Answer 6

contracture/thickening of IT band

Question 7

How does IT band contracture alter biomechanics?

Answer 7

Knee and hip altered with compensation in SI or ankle

Question 8

What is IT band friction syndrome?

Answer 8

Inflammation/pain where IT band cross lateral femoral condyle

Question 9

Causes of IT band issues?

Answer 9

Overuse flexion hip and knee
Repetitive use - running/cycling
Postural imbalance

Question 10

How IT band issues present?

Clinical Manifestation

Answer 10

Pain
Contracture
Inflammation at lateral femoral condyle

Question 11

How to treat IT band

Answer 11

activity modify
hydro/cryo
massage
stretch

Question 12

What is prepatellar bursitis?

Gardeners

Bursitis

Answer 12

Prolonged kneeling or recent trauma to ant knee

Question 13

Patellofemoral Pain syndrome?

Answer 13

Pain around patellofemoral joint.
Mechanism not fully understood

Question 14

Contributing factors to patellofemoral

Answer 14

Abnormal biomechanics
Abnormal shape of patella
tight muscles
weak muscles

Question 15

Patellofemoral syndrome clinical manifestiation

Answer 15

Anterior knee pain
sitting long periods
walking up and down
squatting

Question 16

Patellofemoral treatment

Answer 16

NSAIDS
brace
manual therapy
orthotics

Question 17

Chondromalicia Patella?

Answer 17

Softening of cartilage of patella

Question 18

What are shin splints/how are they caused?

Answer 18

Pain and discomfort in the leg from repetitive activity on hard surfaces or excessive use of foot flexors

Question 19

What is Shin splints known as

Answer 19

Medial tibial stress syndrome

Question 20

What can shin splints be grouped with

Answer 20

Periostitis

Question 21

Shin splint causes

Answer 21

Overuse
overtraining
running on hard surface
poor footwear

Question 22

Shin splints clinical presentation

Answer 22

Pain in posteromedial border of tibia
usually mid/low
bilateral
excessive foot pronation

Question 23

shin splint treatment

Answer 23

Rest 2-6 weeks
Ice
nsaids
gradual return to activity

Question 24

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 24

Critical pressure increase within compartmental space

Question 25

Where compartment syndrome most commonly occurs

Answer 25

anterior leg compartment

Question 26

How compartment syndrome occurs?

Answer 26

Swelling/blleeding can increase intra-compartmental presure

Question 27

Acute compartment syndrome etiology

Answer 27

Due to trauma tibial fracture

Question 28

Acute compartment syndrome presentation

Answer 28

severe pain skin taut/shiny

Question 29

How to diagnose acute compartment syndrome

Answer 29

Intra-compartmental pressure monitoring

Question 30

Treatment for acute compartment syndrome?

Answer 30

Emergency fasciotomy

Question 31

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome etiology

Answer 31

Exercise induced/overuse overtraining, etc..

Question 32

Chronic compartment syndrome presentation

Answer 32

cramping pain, achy

Question 33

Chronic compartment syndrome treatment

Answer 33

rest massage activity modification

Question 34

Achilles tendonitis

Answer 34

Common overuse injury microtears and inflammation

Question 35

Clinical manifestation of achilles tendonitis

Answer 35

mid-tendon pain redness/swelling crepitus

Question 36

Achilles tendon rupture

Answer 36

Most commonly ruptured tendon

Question 37

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 37

Overuse condition of inflammation of plantar fascia

Question 38

What is the most common cause of foot pain in athletes

Answer 38

Plantar fasciitis

Question 39

Clinical presentation of plantar fasciitis

Answer 39

Sharp heel pain

Question 40

What are calcaneal/heel spurs

Answer 40

Bony outgrowths on calcaneus

Question 41

How does calcaneal spurs occur?

Answer 41

continuous pulling on attachment sites back of heel: calcaneal under sole: plantar fascia

Question 42

Hindfoot varus

Answer 42

inversion of calcaneus

Question 43

Hindfoot valgus

Answer 43

eversion of calcaneus

Question 44

forefoot varus

Answer 44

inversion of forefoot at midtarsal joint

Question 45

Forefoot valgus

Answer 45

eversion of forefoot at midtarsal joint

Question 46

What is Pes Planus

Answer 46

Flat feet Sole in contact with ground

Question 47

What are the functional causes of pes planus

Answer 47

ligamentous laxity/muscle weakness reversible

Question 48

What are structural causes of pes planus?

Answer 48

Bony malformation Irreversible

Question 49

pes planus treatment

Answer 49

orthotics surgery

Question 50

What is pes cavus? | Claw foot?

Answer 50

Increased arches Toes appear clawed

Question 51

What is hallux valgus?

Answer 51

Valgus orientation of big toe

Question 52

Hammer toe

Answer 52

MTP hyperextension, pip flexion, dip hyperextension

Question 53

Claw toe

Answer 53

MTP hyperextension, PIP and DIP flexion

Question 54

Mallet toe

Answer 54

DIP flexion