Class 3 Flashcards by a w

Q

Direct trauma fracture

A

break at point of impact

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Q

Indirect trauma fracture

A

break some distance from impact

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Q

Stress fracture

A

overuse

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Q

Pathology fracture

A

Pathologies weaken bone, more likely to fracture

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Q

Healing depends on

A

damage, movement, disease, age, overall health

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Q

Early complications occur within

A

few weeks

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Q

Acute compartment syndrome

A

fascial compartment swells — reduced circulation

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Q

Acute compartment syndrome results in

A

necrosis and gangrene

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Q

Bone infection early complication

A

fever, pain

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Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Blood clot in deep vein

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Q

Pressure sore

A

Ischemia over bony prominence

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Q

Late fracture complications occur

A

few weeks to years later

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Q

Delayed union

A

Bone taking longer to unite

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Q

Non-union

A

Failure of bone to heal

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Q

Malunion

A

Incorrect bone union

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Q

Avascular necrosis

A

Tissue death from lack of blood

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Q

Osteonecrosis

A

Avascular necrosis of bone

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Q

Bone healing stage 1

A

Inflammation forms fracture hematoma

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Q

Bone healing stage 2

A

Fibroblasts (CT cells) create soft callus

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Q

Bone healing stage 3

A

Replaces cartilage with bone

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Q

Bone healing stage 4

A

Remodeling. Osteoclasts shape bone

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Q

Fracture classification: Site

A

Where fracture occured

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Q

Complete fracture

A

broken 2 or more pieces

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Q

Incomplete fracture

A

bent/cracked

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Q

Compression

A

Bone crushed

Q

Greenstick

A

children only. Bone bent

Q

Stress/hairline fracture

A

Due to overuse. M/c tibia

Q

Linear

A

Parallel to bone axis

Q

Transverse fracture

A

Right angle to bone axis

Q

Oblique fracture

A

diagonal to bone axis

Q

Spiral fracture

A

part of bone twisted

Q

Comminuted fracture

A

two or more fragments

Q

Avulsion fracture

A

ligament pull portion of bone off

Q

Undisplaced fragments

A

ends line up

Q

Displaced fragments

A

do not line up

Q

Closed fracture

A

skin intact

Q

Open/compound fracture

A

end of bone thru skin

Q

Galeazzi fracture

A

radial shaft fracture/ distal radioulnar dislocation

Q

Monteggia fracture

A

proximal ulna head fracture/ head of radius dislocation

Q

Colles fracture

A

Distal radius fracture/ distal fragment dorsal

Q

Smiths fracture (reverse colles)

A

Distal radius fracture / distal fragment ventral

Q

Bartons fracture

A

Intraarticular - distal radius / dislocation radiocarpal joint

Q

Bennetts fracture

A

Prox. 1st metacarpal intra articular fracture

Q

Rolando fracture

A

1st metacarpal communited intra-articular fracture

Q

Boxers fracture

A

5th metacarpal fractureS

Q

Salter-harris fracture

A

Fracture through growth plate

Q

Potts fracture

A

To one or both malleoli

Q

Jones fracture

A

5th metatarsal fracture

Q

Maisonneuve Fracture

A

Spiral fracture prox 1/3 fibula

Q

Toddlers fracture

A

spiral distal 1/3rd to 1/2 tibia fracture

Q

Trimalleolar fracture

A

medial and lateral and distal posterior tibia

Q

Blowout fracture

A

Eye orbit

Q

Chance fracture

A

Spine due to hyperflexion

Q

Linear fracture (skull)

A

m/c skull fracture

Q

Depressed fracture

A

high velocity impact by small object

Q

Jefferson fracture

A

anterior/posterior arches C1

Q

teardrop fractures

A

vertebral body fracture

Q

Clay shovelers fracture

A

Avulsion fracture of SP’s

Q

Compression fracture

A

M/c lumbar fracture

Q

Rib fracture

A

cause by trauma. 4-10 m/c broken

Q

Flail chest

A

3+ ribs fracture in 2+ places