Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPPS 302 > Class 7 > Flashcards

Class 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is defined as the property of the contractile myocytes that account for the strength of contraction?

A

Contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contractibility is also known as

A

Inotropic state, strong or weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is contractility related to?

A

Intrinsic cellular mechanisms that regulate the interaction between actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is contractility independent of the preload and afterload?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What haemodynamic parameters can be employed to evaluate the cardiac performance? (5)

A
  1. Ventricular end diastolic pressure
  2. Cardiac index
  3. Stroke volume
  4. Ejection fracture
  5. Peak rate of ventricular pressure development during isovolumetric contraction
  6. End systolic pressure volume relationship
  7. Maximum velocity of muscle shortening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Any condition resulting in inadequate systolic emptying will lead to what happening to the ESV?

A

Increase in ESV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Regardless of its compliance an increase in EDV will give rise to what happening to EDP?

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How to give a cardiac output the heart with a greater contractility will result in a higher or lower EDP?

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In a failing heart, any increase in preload will do what two stroke volume?

A

Has very little effect on stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Concentric hyper trophy is what to wall thickness?

A

Increasing well fitness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An increase in contracutility will do what to stroke volume at a given preload and thus generate a higher or lower cardiac index?

A

Increase, higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What indirectly reflects the extent of ventricular fibre shortening 

A

Stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is defined as a fraction of end-diastolic volume ejected from the ventricle during each systolic contraction?

A

Ejection fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you calculate ejection fraction?

A

EF = SV/EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

EF depends on the variation of what?

A

Afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the value corresponding to the rate of pressure rises in the ventricular chamber during isovolumetric contraction?

A

Peak rate of ventricular pressure development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stronger the force of contraction, is the slope steeper or less steep for rate of ventricular pressure development?

A

Steeper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is the highest DP/DT?

A

Just before the opening of semi lunar valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Series of successfully stronger contraction can be observed when the muscle fibre receives closely spaced stimuli describes what phenomenon?

A

Treppe or Bowditch effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What ion is immediately toxic to the heart?

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Any increase in entropy will do what to the ESPVR?

A

Shift it upward to the left

22
Q

What is the true indicator of contractility at a given inotropic state?

A

Maximum velocity of muscle shortening or Vmax

23
Q

Can you measure Vmax?

A

No

24
Q

When contractility of the ventricle is increased, what happens to the force velocity curve?

A

It shift up and to the right

25
Q

Increase in Vmax means an increase in contractility, what does it do to ejection velocity, stroke volume, ESV, and ESP?

A
  • increase ejection velocity
  • Increase stroke volume
  • Reduce ESV
  • Reduce ESP
26
Q

With an increase in contractility, what does it do to ESV, EDV and stroke volume?

A
  • large decrease in ESV
  • moderate decrease in EDV
  • Overall increase in stroke volume
27
Q

Narrow opening of aortic valve with resistance to flow describes what?

A

Aortic stenosis

28
Q

Ian aortic stenosis can the valve close completely open completely?

A

Close completely, cannot be fully opened

29
Q

When will you hear a systolic murmur?

A

During aortic stenosis, between S1 and S2, During the ejection phase or when the aortic valve is supposed to open

30
Q

Aortic stenosis does what to velocity of the blood?

A

Increases

31
Q

Aortic stenosis causes an increase or decrease in LVP do to increase and after load?

A

Increase

32
Q

Increase in afterload causes a huge increase or decrease in ESV?

A

Increase

33
Q

Aortic stenosis result in a decrease or increase in stroke volume?

A

Decrease

34
Q

Chronic left ventricular volume and pressure overload from aortic stenosis will lead to onset of what?

A

Pulmonary hypertension

35
Q

Pulmonary hypertension results in what?

A

Right ventricular disfunction and eventually congested heart failure

36
Q

Increase resistance to flow across the mitral valve during ventricular filling and giving rise to the elevation of the left atrial pressure describes what?

A

Mitral stenosis

37
Q

Mitral stenosis could lead to a huge reduction in what?

A

LVEDV

38
Q

Huge reduction in LVEDD from mitral stenosis does what two stroke volume in cardiac output?

A

Decreases both

39
Q

With mitral stenosis when do you hear a diastolic murmur?

A

Between S2 and S one due to higher velocity of blood flow through stenotic mitral valve into left ventricle

40
Q

What is aortic insufficiency?

A

Incomplete closure of aortic valve, no problem opening

41
Q

What does incomplete closure of aortic valve give rise to?

A

Regurgitation of blood back to the left ventricle

42
Q

Regurgitation does what to pre-load?

A

Increase it

43
Q

When is there no true ventricular isovolumetric relaxation or contraction phase?

A

In an aortic regurgitated heart/aortic insufficiency

44
Q

When do you hear a diastolic murmur in aortic insufficiency?

A

Between us two and S one, during ventricular diastolic due to backflow of blood from aorta back to left ventricle

45
Q

What is the incomplete closure of the mitral valve?

A

Mitral insufficiency

46
Q

What does mitral insufficiency do?

A

Incomplete closure of mitral valve, Bloodflows back to left atrium during ventricular contraction

47
Q

When blood flows back to left atrium during ventricular contraction what does this due to left atrial pressure?

A

Causes sharp rise in pressure during ventricular system

48
Q

When can you hear the systolic murmur for mitral insufficiency?

A

Between S1 and S2, the backflow of blood to left atrium during ventricular systole

49
Q

Is there a true isovolumetric relaxation and contraction phase is in my phone regurgitated heart?

A

No

50
Q

In mitral regurgitated heart what happens to afterload?

A

Left ventricle afterload is reduced because total outflow resistance is reduced

51
Q

My troll insufficiency leads to what happening to LVEDV and LVESV?

A

Sharp Increase, huge decrease

CPPS 302 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions