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CPPS 302 > Class 6 > Flashcards

Class 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Ventricular dilation will give an increase in what?

A

Increase in ventricular compliance or LVEDPVR slope

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2
Q

How can you examine how ventricular dilation can effect EDV?

A

Compliance filling curve

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3
Q

A normal heart has a steeper slope which means what for the compliance?

A

Lower compliance

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4
Q

Dilated ventricle enhances what?

A

Venous return

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5
Q

Hypertrophic heart has a steeper slope which means what on the LVEDPVR?

A

Lower complains

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6
Q

Increased heart thickness means web for compliance?

A

Decrease in ventricular compliance

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7
Q

Decrease compliance will increase or decrease end diastolic pressure?

A

Increases EDP

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8
Q

Increase in Venus return will (-)ventricular filling in therefore (-) preload

A

Increase, increase

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9
Q

Increase in end diastolic volume will cause an (-) in end diastolic pressure

A

Increase

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10
Q

In a heart lesser the compliance, slower or quicker venous return

A

Slower

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11
Q

A decrease in venous return will do what to EDV?

A

Decrease

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12
Q

Decrease in pre-load or EDV caused by a decrease in compliance will lead to what for the EDP?

A

An increase in EDP, lesser volume means higher pressure to eject blood

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13
Q

Increase in EDP Implies that the heart must do what to counteract the increase in EDP?

A

Contract more forcefully to eject the blood

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14
Q

Increases in venous return will

A
  • increase preload
  • stretch the myocardial contractile myocytes
  • increase force of contraction
  • increase stroke volume - increase cardiac output
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15
Q

What ensures the outputs of both the ventricles are matched overtime and prevents shifting of blood between pulmonary and systemic circulation?

A

Frank starling mechanism

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16
Q

Describe frank starling mechanism

A

To ensure the outputs of both the ventricles are matched and prevent the shifting of blood between pulmonary and systemic circulation

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17
Q

Increase in EDV will do what to force of contraction?

A

Increase ventricular developed force or force of contraction?

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18
Q

For any heart at any time an increase in LVDV will always lead to what?

A

Increase in LVEDP

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19
Q

If you increase the LVEDP what happens to stroke volume?

A

It increases

20
Q

When keeping all cardiac factors constant except increasing the preload, what happens to SV?

A

Instantaneous increase in stroke volume, resulting in increase in cardiac output but no change in ESV

21
Q

Increase in stroke volume from an increase in EDV by increasing the venous return alone but not changing the ESV implies that

A

Such an increase in stroke volume is a direct result from an increase in EDV

22
Q

Is the frank starling mechanism the intrinsic property of a heart at a given physiological condition?

A

Yes

23
Q

Illustrates relationship between changes of the initial length of a myocyte to the contractile force developed by the heart muscle describes what relationship?

A

Length tension relationship

24
Q

What is the biophysical basis for the starlings law?

A

Length tension relationship of the ventricle

25
Q

With an increase in preload what happens to active tension?

A

Increase

26
Q

Increase in active tension will be accompanied by what happening to the velocity of tension development

A

Increase in the velocity of tension development, or velocity of muscle shortening

27
Q

What can be defined as the ventricular wall tension developed during ventricular ejection?

A

Afterload

28
Q

The magnitude of the ventricular wall tension developed is directly related to what?

A

Resistance, impedance, or pressure that the ventricle must be able to overcome before blood can be ejected

29
Q

What is one of the major components of afterload for the left ventricle?

A

Aortic pressure

30
Q

Defined as the load against which the heart must counteract before blood can be checked it out

A

Afterload

31
Q

What can estimate ventricular wall stress?

A

Laplace’s law

32
Q

How do you calculate wall stress?

A

O is proportional to (pxr)/2h

33
Q

Wall stress calculations in words

A

Wall stress is proportional to the product of the intraventricular pressure P, and ventricular radius R, divided by wall thickness H

34
Q

Wall stress increases in response to

A

A higher pressure loud, hypertension

35
Q

Wall stress increases in response to (ventricle)

A

Increase in the chamber size, increase in preload

36
Q

What will reduce wall stress and therefore reduce afterload?

A

Increase in ventricular wall thickness, ex. left ventricular hypertrophy

37
Q

Ventricular hyper trophy is used as an adaptive mechanism for what?

A
  • offset an increase in wall stress
  • Induced by the increase in afterload
38
Q

Increase in afterload does what to the frank starling curve?

A

Shifts it down and to the right

39
Q

With an increase in after load, the heart has to do what?

A

The heart has to generate a higher pressure to eject the same volume of blood

40
Q

An increase in afterload will do what to the velocity of fibre shortening?

A

Decrease the velocity during contraction

41
Q

Decrease in velocity of muscle fibres shortening will result in what to stroke volume?

A

Decrease

42
Q

Changes in afterload produce secondary changes in what?

A

Preload

43
Q

When there is an increase in afterload/aortic pressure, the ventricle has to do what to the pressure in order to open the aortic valve?

A

Generate a higher pressure

44
Q

Higher up the road will do what to ejection velocity?

A

Decrease ejection velocity, decreases SV and increases ESV

45
Q

Increases in ESV due to the increase in afterload is greater than the increase in EDV such that the SV is increased or decreased?

A

Decreased

CPPS 302 (14 decks)

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