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CPPS 302 > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle cramps commonly involve what part of the body?

A

Calf, foot, thigh

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2
Q

What is observed during and immediately after a muscle cramp?

A

A hard knot

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3
Q

Muscle cramps are characterized by

A

Sudden onset of painful, involuntary squeezing or contraction of muscle

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4
Q

Constant muscle cramps are indication of what?

A

High frequency stimulation

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5
Q

Observation of hard knot after cramp occurs could indicate what?

A

Deficiency in muscle relaxation, could be cytosolic Ca or ATP concentration

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6
Q
  • High frequency of stimulation
  • Cumulation of cytosolic Ca
  • Constant muscle contraction
A

During muscle cramps

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7
Q
  • Lack of ATP
  • Deficiency of SERCA
  • Cytosolic Ca remains high
A

After muscle cramps

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8
Q

Appearance of hard knot in affected muscle could be an indication of (-) depletion

A

ATP

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9
Q

Can speed of relief of muscle cramps by:

A
  • stretching affected muscle
  • contraction of its antagonist muscle
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10
Q

In muscle cramp, (-) is not getting to the muscle, resulting in no (-) in the muscle to allow it to relax

A

Oxygen, ATP

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11
Q

After muscle cramps, some symptoms are

A
  • soreness
  • swelling
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12
Q

Elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) indicates

A

Skeletal muscle damage, or muscle cramps

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13
Q

Muscle cramps can cause what kind of damage to muscle?

A

Hypoxic/metabolic damage

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14
Q

Two hypothesis for causation of muscle cramps

A
  1. dehydration and electrolyte depletion
  2. neuromuscular
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15
Q

Triggering factors of muscle cramps - dehydration and electrolyte depletion

A
  • sweat loss
  • pH disturbances
  • thermal strain
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16
Q

Stretch receptors that can be found in the capsules of the extrafusal muscle fibers are

A

Muscle Spindles

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17
Q

Triggering factors of muscle cramps - neuromuscular hypothesis

A
  • muscle fatigue
  • motor neuron disease (like ALS)
  • changes in electrolyte concentration or mechanical effects
18
Q

Onset of muscle cramp requires what?

A

Alpha motor neuron to fire in high frequency

19
Q

Sequence of events for neuromuscular hypothesis

A
  1. triggering factors
  2. increase afferent sensory neuron excitability
  3. increase alpha motor neuron firing frequency
  4. increase frequency of muscle contraction
  5. muscle cramp
20
Q

For muscle contraction is it very necessary for (neural or physiological) control?

A

Neural

21
Q

EMGs are used to look at muscles after muscle cramps and can show

A

Involuntary repetitive high frequency firings of the motor neuron that innervates the cramping motor unit

22
Q

High frequency firings of the motor neuron can mean what?

A

Leakage in Ca

23
Q

EMG data suggests muscle twitch are of peripheral nerve origin (T/F)

A

True

24
Q

Why are muscles in the lower extremities effected more?

A

Longer axon in lower limb, the longer it is the more damage that can happen

25
Q

Who is more frequently affected with muscle cramps?

A
  • Pregnant women
  • Elderly people
  • People with thyroid disease
  • People with liver disease
26
Q

Why are elderly more effected by muscle cramps?

A

Effected by mild loss of motor neurons

27
Q

Why are pregnant people more effected by muscle cramps?

A

Physical distortion of neuromuscular junction as byproduct of fluid retention and joint laxity

28
Q

Why are those with thyroid disease/hypoadrenalism affected with more muscle cramps?

A

Adrenal gland controls electrolyte balance by sodium uptake, pH effected

29
Q

Why are those with liver disease and cirrhosis effected with muscle cramps?

A

Could be decrease in intravascular volume and edema

30
Q

Neurophysiology of muscle cramps are related to what?

A

Somatic motor neuron

31
Q

When are muscle spindles firing?

A

Constantly, they are tonically active

32
Q

Sensory neuron spans

A

The length of the muscle

33
Q

Impulses on somatic motor neuron has a (higher, lower) frequency than that of descending tract of the axons within spinal cord

A

Higher

34
Q

Maintaining tension at rest shows

A

Muscle tone

35
Q

Impulses from sensory neuron originate from where?

A

Muscle spindle

36
Q

Impulses from sensory neuron will integrate from (-) at the level of (-)

A

Brain, spinal cord

37
Q

Stretching of extrafusal muscle will also stretch

A

Muscle spindles

38
Q

Alpha motor neuron activation process

A
  1. Alpha motor neuron fires
  2. Muscle contracts
  3. Less stretch on center of intrafusal fibers
  4. Firing rate of spindle sensory neuron decreases
39
Q

Stretching helps muscle cramps which is mediated by:

A

Central Inhibition

40
Q

What induces involuntary repetitive high frequency firings of the motor neuron that innervates the cramping motor unit

A

Stretching

41
Q

Further increase in frequency of impulses to the stretched muscle through

A

The alpha motor neuron

CPPS 302 (14 decks)

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