Class 14 Flashcards
Circulating blood volume is about how much percent of the body weight?
7-8
What are the two major components in blood?
Plasma and hematocrit 
Plasma is about how many percent of whole blood?
55
Hematocrit is about how much percent of whole blood?
45
Haematocrit contains what?
Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells
For foetal hemoglobin, it is composed of \ alpha chance and \ gamma chains
Two, two
Does foetal haemoglobin or adult haemoglobin have a greater affinity for oxygen?
Foetal haemoglobin
 Adult haemoglobin is composed of \ alpha chains and / beta chains
Two, two
How long is the average lifespan of an RBC
120 days
Do red blood cells have a nucleus?
No
What is plasma mostly made up of? What else is in it?
Mostly made of water, some proteins
Albumins, fibrogens, globulins and coagulation factors are what?
Principal plasma proteins
What is arrest of bleeding or the prevention of a hemorrhage?
Haemostasis
What are the three phases of hemostasis?
1) vascular phase
2) Platelet plug formation
3) Coagulation
What is resulting from the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells within the damage blood vessel wall?
The vascular phase of haemostasis
The vascular phase contains what two impulses?
Neural and chemical
Neural impulses in the vascular phase increase what?
Vasoconstriction or sympathetic tone, decreases in blood volume
Chemical impulses in the vascular phase use what to cause vasoconstriction?
Activated platelets which release thromboxane A2 and serotonin
What are the three events which occur simultaneously in platelet plug formation during hemostasis?
- platelet adhesion, platelet activation, platelet aggregation
What is the process that involves binding of platelets to themselves or two other components?
Platelet adhesion
What is the binding of plate live receptors to ligands which triggers an exocytotic event known as the release reaction or platelet activation?
Platelet activation
Activating more platelets and allowing platelets to form molecular bridges and subendothelial structures like collagen describes what?
 platelet aggregation
What three things create the platelet plug?
Adhesion, activation and aggregation
What is the process of blood clot formation?
Coagulation
What do blood clots consist of?
Mesh fibrin with blood cells and serum
The initiation of coagulation can be achieved by two pathways which are known as what?
Extrinsic and intrinsic pathway
How is the extrinsic pathway in coagulation activated?
By tissue factors which are released by damaged tissue
The intrinsic pathway in coagulation can be activated when?
When coagulation factor 12 contact with a damaged blood vessel
Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways triggers a chain reaction that converts what into an activated factor?
Zymogen
Extrinsic and intrinsic pathway is converge into the formation of what?
Prothrombin activator
Prothrombin activator than activate prothrombin into formation of what?
Thrombin
Thrombin activate fibrinogen Into the formation of what?
Insoluble fibrin
Where are the majority of coagulation factor synthesized?
Liver
What vitamin is essential for the synthesis of some of the coagulation factors?
Vitamin K
What is coagulation factor for?
Calcium
What coagulation factors are vitamin K essential for?
Two, seven, nine and 10
What enzyme is produced by damaged endothelial cells, which catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin?
Tissue plasminogen activator
Where is plasminogen produced?
Liver
What is a product of the beta haemolytic streptococcus that can be used as fibrinolytic agent?
Streptokinase
What is a proteins that involved in digregation of the extra cellular matrix and with fibrinolytic property by converting plasminogen to plasmin
Urokinase
What are the two things to dissolve a blood clot?
Streptokinase and urokinase
