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CPPS 302 > Class 14 > Flashcards

Class 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Circulating blood volume is about how much percent of the body weight?

A

7-8

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2
Q

What are the two major components in blood?

A

Plasma and hematocrit 

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3
Q

Plasma is about how many percent of whole blood?

A

55

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4
Q

Hematocrit is about how much percent of whole blood?

A

45

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5
Q

Haematocrit contains what?

A

Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells

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6
Q

For foetal hemoglobin, it is composed of \ alpha chance and \ gamma chains

A

Two, two

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7
Q

Does foetal haemoglobin or adult haemoglobin have a greater affinity for oxygen?

A

Foetal haemoglobin

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8
Q

 Adult haemoglobin is composed of \ alpha chains and / beta chains

A

Two, two

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9
Q

How long is the average lifespan of an RBC

A

120 days

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10
Q

Do red blood cells have a nucleus?

A

No

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11
Q

What is plasma mostly made up of? What else is in it?

A

Mostly made of water, some proteins

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12
Q

Albumins, fibrogens, globulins and coagulation factors are what?

A

Principal plasma proteins

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13
Q

What is arrest of bleeding or the prevention of a hemorrhage?

A

Haemostasis

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14
Q

What are the three phases of hemostasis?

A

1) vascular phase
2) Platelet plug formation
3) Coagulation

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15
Q

What is resulting from the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells within the damage blood vessel wall?

A

The vascular phase of haemostasis

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16
Q

The vascular phase contains what two impulses?

A

Neural and chemical

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17
Q

Neural impulses in the vascular phase increase what?

A

Vasoconstriction or sympathetic tone, decreases in blood volume

18
Q

Chemical impulses in the vascular phase use what to cause vasoconstriction?

A

Activated platelets which release thromboxane A2 and serotonin

19
Q

What are the three events which occur simultaneously in platelet plug formation during hemostasis?

A
  • platelet adhesion, platelet activation, platelet aggregation
20
Q

What is the process that involves binding of platelets to themselves or two other components?

A

Platelet adhesion

21
Q

What is the binding of plate live receptors to ligands which triggers an exocytotic event known as the release reaction or platelet activation?

A

Platelet activation

22
Q

Activating more platelets and allowing platelets to form molecular bridges and subendothelial structures like collagen describes what?

A

 platelet aggregation

23
Q

What three things create the platelet plug?

A

Adhesion, activation and aggregation

24
Q

What is the process of blood clot formation?

A

Coagulation

25
Q

What do blood clots consist of?

A

Mesh fibrin with blood cells and serum

26
Q

The initiation of coagulation can be achieved by two pathways which are known as what?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathway

27
Q

How is the extrinsic pathway in coagulation activated?

A

By tissue factors which are released by damaged tissue

28
Q

The intrinsic pathway in coagulation can be activated when?

A

When coagulation factor 12 contact with a damaged blood vessel

29
Q

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathways triggers a chain reaction that converts what into an activated factor?

A

Zymogen

30
Q

Extrinsic and intrinsic pathway is converge into the formation of what?

A

Prothrombin activator

31
Q

Prothrombin activator than activate prothrombin into formation of what?

A

Thrombin

32
Q

Thrombin activate fibrinogen Into the formation of what?

A

Insoluble fibrin

33
Q

Where are the majority of coagulation factor synthesized?

A

Liver

34
Q

What vitamin is essential for the synthesis of some of the coagulation factors?

A

Vitamin K

35
Q

What is coagulation factor for?

A

Calcium

36
Q

What coagulation factors are vitamin K essential for?

A

Two, seven, nine and 10

37
Q

What enzyme is produced by damaged endothelial cells, which catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin?

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

38
Q

Where is plasminogen produced?

A

Liver

39
Q

What is a product of the beta haemolytic streptococcus that can be used as fibrinolytic agent?

A

Streptokinase

40
Q

What is a proteins that involved in digregation of the extra cellular matrix and with fibrinolytic property by converting plasminogen to plasmin

A

Urokinase

41
Q

What are the two things to dissolve a blood clot?

A

Streptokinase and urokinase

CPPS 302 (14 decks)

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