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CPPS 302 > Class 4 > Flashcards

Class 4 Flashcards

1
Q

ECG is a vector (T/F)

A

True

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2
Q

Wave of (depolarization/repolarization) Flows towards the positive recording electrode

A

Depolarization

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3
Q

Depolarization goes toward (upward/downward) deflection

A

Upward

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4
Q

Wave of (Depolarization/repolarization) Close towards the positive electrode

A

Repolarization

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5
Q

Repolarization goes toward (upward/downward) deflection 

A

Downward

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6
Q

Ventricular systole is about (-) duration

A

1/3

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7
Q

Ventricular diastolic is about (-) duration

A

2/3

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8
Q

P-wave is

A

Atrial depolarization

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9
Q

QRS complex is

A

Ventricular depolarization

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10
Q

T-wave is

A

Ventricular repolarization

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11
Q

U wave is

A

Repolarization of papillary muscles, delayed repolarization of Purkinje fibres

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12
Q

What is not seen on an ECG and why?

A

Atrial repolarization, overwhelmed by ventricular depolarization

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13
Q

PR interval

A

Atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization

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14
Q

Time required for the impulses generated by the SA node to initiate the depolarization of the ventricular septum

A

PR interval

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15
Q

PR segment

A

Time starts at the end of atrial depolarization to the start of ventricular depolarization

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16
Q

Length of segment related to time of delay for the action potential passing through the AV node

A

PR segment

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17
Q

QRS duration

A

Indicates duration of ventricular depolarization

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18
Q

Functional integrity of the ventricular conduction system and contractile myocardium

A

 QRS duration

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19
Q

What is in the ventricular conduction system

A
  • bundle of His
  • Bundle branches
  • Purkinje fibres
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20
Q

ST segment

A

End of ventricular depolarization and beginning of ventricular repolarization

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21
Q

The isoelectric line is which segment?

A

ST segment

22
Q

There is no electrical activity for the atria and ventricles in what segment?

A

ST segment

23
Q

QT interval

A

Time starts at beginning of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization

24
Q

Rough estimate of duration of ventricular action potential, is which interval?

A

QT interval

25
Q

Which segment is directly correlated with heart rate?

A

QT interval

26
Q

What could it mean if you have a short PR interval?

A

Wolf Parkinson white syndrome

27
Q

What could it mean if you have a long PR interval?

A

A heart block, disruption of conduction

28
Q

What could a wide QRS mean? (3)

A

One more branch block, ventricular rhythm, hyperkalaemia

29
Q

What can a tall QRS complex mean

A

Ventricular hyper trophy

30
Q

What is hyperkalemia?

A

High potassium concentration

31
Q

What does hyperkalaemia due to an ECG?

A

Gives a wide QRS complex

32
Q

What will an increase in extra cellular potassium levels cause? In regards to membrane potential

A

Partial depolarization of the membrane potential’s

33
Q

What are fast sodium channels?

A

Voltage gated aNachannels

34
Q

Sodium channels have both activation and activation gates. Is activation closed or open? Is in activation closed or open?

A

Activation is closed at resting state, inactivation is open at resting state

35
Q

At the end of depolarization, the inactivated gates will do what?

A

Close themselves

36
Q

After the in activated gates close, what happens?

A

Repolarization will begin

37
Q

As the membrane potential approaches resting state during repolarization, what do the in activation gates do?

A

Reset themselves and start opening their gated

38
Q

Opening of the inactivation gate will normally follow by

A

The closing of the activation gates

39
Q

Opening of the inactivation gate will normally follow by the closing of the activation gates when?

A

When the membrane potential is returning to resting state

40
Q

How do you calculate QT interval?

A

QTc = QT/ Root RR

41
Q

Why do you need to calculate correlated QT?

A

It is closely related to heart rate

42
Q

What could deviation from the isoelectric line mean?

A

Acute myocardial ischaemia

43
Q

ST segment elevation could mean

A

Epicardial ischaemia

44
Q

Depression of the ST segment could mean

A

Endocardial ischaemia

45
Q

What could an inverted T-wave indicate? (3)

A

Myocardial ischemia, intraventricular conduction delay, anxiety attack

46
Q

Normally, an ECG contains how many limb leads and how many chest leads?

A

6 and 6

47
Q

What are the names of the six limb leads?

A

I, II, III, AVR, AVL, and AVF

48
Q

What are the six chestleads called?

A

V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6

49
Q

Leads one, two, and three are known as

A

Bipolar limb leads

50
Q

Where is lead one?

A

Negative lead at right arm, positive lead at left arm

51
Q

Where is lead to?

A

Negative lead at right arm, positively lead at left leg

52
Q

Where is lead three?

A

Negative lead at left arm, positive lead at left leg

CPPS 302 (14 decks)

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