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CPPS 302 > Class 12 > Flashcards

Class 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular function can be controlled through the regulation of what two things?

A

Blood pressure and blood volume

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2
Q

What are the two basic categories of cardiovascular function control?

A

Neural control and Humoral control

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3
Q

Neural control is what kind of control?

A

Autonomic

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4
Q

Humoral control is what kind of control?

A

Hormonal

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5
Q

What are the three levels of neural control?

A

1) higher centres like cortex
2) Hypothalamus
3) Medulla of the brain stem

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6
Q

What is the cortex connected to?

A

Hypothalamus and medulla

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7
Q

What are the higher levels like the cortex rolls in neural control of cardio function?

A

Responsible for modulating cardiovascular responses during emotional stress

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8
Q

What is the hypothalamus role in neural control of cardio function?

A

Plays an integrative role by modulating medullary neural activity

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9
Q

The hypothalamus can influence what? Which involves the increase of HR and BP in response to stress

A

The autonomic system

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10
Q

Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors And stretch receptors are found where in the brain?

A

Medulla of the brain stem at the nucleus tractus solitarius

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11
Q

Does the medulla have sympathetic or parasympathetic centers?

A

Both

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12
Q

The nucleus tractus solitarius can produce what kind of affect?

A

A calming effect

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13
Q

Which effects are dominant innervation on cardio function? (parasympathetic or sympathetic)

A

Parasympathetic

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14
Q

Parasympathetic nuclei have what kind of activity? Even under resting conditions

A

They are tonically active

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15
Q

Resting heart rate is lower than what other rate?

A

Intrinsic firing rate of the SA node

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16
Q

Parasympathetic activity creates a negative or positive chronotropic affect?

A

Negative

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17
Q

Sympathetic activity creates a positive or negative chronotropic and inotropic effect?

A

Negative

18
Q

The right vagus generally innervates what?

A

The SA node

19
Q

The left vagus primarily intervates what?

A

AV node and the ventricular conduction system

20
Q

How does parasympathetic stimulation induce vasodilation?

A

By inhibiting sympathetic centre through interneuron in the level of NTS

21
Q

Stimulation of sympathetic innervation on cardiovascular function is the effects of what?

A

Norepinephrine

22
Q

Stimulation of the sympathetic innervation on cardio function produces what?

A

Tachycardia and systemic vasoconstriction

23
Q

Removal of sympathetic influence will produce what? In regards to the cardio function

A

Vasodilation and hypotension

24
Q

Sympathetic activation constricts both the what on arteries and the what on veins

A

Resistance on arteries and capacitance veins

25
Q

Sympathetic stimulation on a heart produces what kind of vasoconstriction?

A

Transient coronary vasal constriction

26
Q

What is the primary variable that needs to be regulated for the control of cardio function?

A

Systemic arterial blood pressure

27
Q

What two factors do you need to have in order to have a good tissue perfusion?

A

Good BP and good blood volume

28
Q

Within the cardio system, sensory mechanisms monitor the variability of BP and volume through what?

A

Negative feedback loops

29
Q

What are the four major hormonal factors in the cardio system?

A

1) Catecholamines
2) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
3) Atrial natriuretic peptide
4) Vasopressin or anti diuretic hormone

30
Q

Catecholamines are mostly from where?

A

Adrenal medulla

31
Q

What are the two catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

32
Q

Does vasodilation increase or decrease blood pressure?

A

Decrease

33
Q

Decrease blood pressure increases or decreases heart rate?

A

Increases

34
Q

How are catecholamines activated?

A

By preganglionic sympathetic nerves during stress

35
Q

Epinephrin and norepinephrine have a high affinity for what? And a low affinity for what?

A

High affinity for B2, low affinity for B1

36
Q

How do Catecholamines cause vasodilation?

A

Binds to adrenoeceptors on small arteries, when epinephrine levels are low

37
Q

At low to moderate levels of epinephrine, what happens to HR, contractibility, and conduction velocity?

A

All increased

38
Q

What metabolic dilator tends to counteract the vasoconstrictor effect of Epi?

A

Adenosine

39
Q

What is the three basic mechanisms epi increases blood pressure?

A

1) Direct stimulation of myocytes in ventricles
2) increases HR mediated by B one receptor
3) Vasoconstriction in resistance vessels and veins

40
Q

The renin angiotensin aldosterone system increases what and what?

A

BP and blood volume

41
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide decreases what and what?

A

BP and blood volume

42
Q

Vasopressin increases what?

A

BP and blood volume

CPPS 302 (14 decks)

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