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CPPS 302 > Class 10 > Flashcards

Class 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of fluid mechanics of blood with respect to pressure and flow?

A

Hemodynamics

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2
Q

The heart generates pressure to maintain what?

A

A gradient

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3
Q

What is vasculature?

A

Transport network for distribution

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4
Q

What is the transport medium of the body?

A

Blood

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5
Q

What maintains the pressure gradient in the cardio system?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

What systems regulate volume for the cardio system?

A

Renal and hormonal systems

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7
Q

What are the 4 steps of adding a catheter?

A

1) catheter inserted into RA chamber
2) catheter advanced into RV chamber
3) catheter advanced to PA
4) catheter advanced into smaller PA, occluding artery by inflating balloon

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8
Q

Where is a catheter inserted?

A

RA chamber

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9
Q

Direction of catheter travels:

A

RA chamber - RV chamber - PA - smaller PA

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10
Q

Which part of the heart can create a vaccuum?

A

Aorta

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11
Q

Right atrial pressure is related to what other pressure?

A

Central venous pressure

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12
Q

What are the 3 waves of right atrial pressure?

A

a, c, and v

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13
Q

What is the a wave rising phase?

A

A result of atrial systole after rapid ventricular filling phase

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14
Q

What is the falling phase of the a wave?

A

Represents the end of active ventricular filling (atrial relaxation)

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15
Q

What is the end of the a wave?

A

Beginning of right ventricular contraction

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16
Q

What is the c wave?

A

Closure of tricuspid valve with continued atrial filling

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17
Q

What is the rising v wave?

A

Indicates continuation of atrial filling while right atrium is fully relaxed

18
Q

What is the falling v wave?

A

Indicates tricuspid valve is opened

19
Q

What is pulmonary wedge pressure?

A

Left atrial pressure

20
Q

What is pulmonary wedge used for?

A

Estimating left atrial pressure which is difficult to measure alone, can find pulmonary edema

21
Q

How can you measure pulmonary wedge pressure?

A

Swan-Ganz catheter

22
Q

What are the 6 factors that affect blood flow?

A

1) Velocity
2) Pressure
3) Viscosity
4) resistance
5) Flow rate
6) Hematocrit

23
Q

At a steady state, CO should equal what?

A

Venous return

24
Q

Flow rate is directly proportional to what?

A

Velocity, pressure gradient

25
Q

Velocity of flow within a single vessel is inversely proportional to what?

A

Cross-sectional area

26
Q

Greater the cross-sectional area, (lower or higher) the velocity of flow

A

Lower

27
Q

Defined as force per unit area is what?

A

Pressure

28
Q

The frictional property of the molecules as they slide by one another is what?

A

Viscosity

29
Q

Defined as changes in pressure divided by flow rate is what?

A

Hydraulic resistance

30
Q

What are considered as primary resistance vessels?

A

Arteries and arterioles

31
Q

The resistant vessels are innervated by what?

A

Autonomic nerves, especially sympathetic system

32
Q

What allows resistant vessels to be constrict or dilate quickly?

A

Catecholamines, Angiotensin II, adenosine, nitric oxide

33
Q

What is used to predict flow pattern?

A

Reynold’s number

34
Q

If Reynold’s number is less than 2000:

A

Laminar flow (good)

35
Q

If Reynold’s number is more than 2000:

A

Turbulent flow (bad)

36
Q

For laminar flow, flow rate is linearly proportional to what?

A

Pressure drop

37
Q

For turbulent flow, flow rate is proportional to what?

A

Square root of pressure drop

38
Q

What is needed in turbulent flow to get blood to all parts of the body?

A

More pressure from the heart, higher driving force

39
Q

What is the ratio of volume of red blood cells to volume of whole blood?

A

Hematocrit

40
Q

The viscosity of the blood increases as what increases?

A

Hematocrit

CPPS 302 (14 decks)

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