Class 10 Flashcards
What is the study of fluid mechanics of blood with respect to pressure and flow?
Hemodynamics
The heart generates pressure to maintain what?
A gradient
What is vasculature?
Transport network for distribution
What is the transport medium of the body?
Blood
What maintains the pressure gradient in the cardio system?
Autonomic nervous system
What systems regulate volume for the cardio system?
Renal and hormonal systems
What are the 4 steps of adding a catheter?
1) catheter inserted into RA chamber
2) catheter advanced into RV chamber
3) catheter advanced to PA
4) catheter advanced into smaller PA, occluding artery by inflating balloon
Where is a catheter inserted?
RA chamber
Direction of catheter travels:
RA chamber - RV chamber - PA - smaller PA
Which part of the heart can create a vaccuum?
Aorta
Right atrial pressure is related to what other pressure?
Central venous pressure
What are the 3 waves of right atrial pressure?
a, c, and v
What is the a wave rising phase?
A result of atrial systole after rapid ventricular filling phase
What is the falling phase of the a wave?
Represents the end of active ventricular filling (atrial relaxation)
What is the end of the a wave?
Beginning of right ventricular contraction
What is the c wave?
Closure of tricuspid valve with continued atrial filling
What is the rising v wave?
Indicates continuation of atrial filling while right atrium is fully relaxed
What is the falling v wave?
Indicates tricuspid valve is opened
What is pulmonary wedge pressure?
Left atrial pressure
What is pulmonary wedge used for?
Estimating left atrial pressure which is difficult to measure alone, can find pulmonary edema
How can you measure pulmonary wedge pressure?
Swan-Ganz catheter
What are the 6 factors that affect blood flow?
1) Velocity
2) Pressure
3) Viscosity
4) resistance
5) Flow rate
6) Hematocrit
At a steady state, CO should equal what?
Venous return
Flow rate is directly proportional to what?
Velocity, pressure gradient
Velocity of flow within a single vessel is inversely proportional to what?
Cross-sectional area
Greater the cross-sectional area, (lower or higher) the velocity of flow
Lower
Defined as force per unit area is what?
Pressure
The frictional property of the molecules as they slide by one another is what?
Viscosity
Defined as changes in pressure divided by flow rate is what?
Hydraulic resistance
What are considered as primary resistance vessels?
Arteries and arterioles
The resistant vessels are innervated by what?
Autonomic nerves, especially sympathetic system
What allows resistant vessels to be constrict or dilate quickly?
Catecholamines, Angiotensin II, adenosine, nitric oxide
What is used to predict flow pattern?
Reynold’s number
If Reynold’s number is less than 2000:
Laminar flow (good)
If Reynold’s number is more than 2000:
Turbulent flow (bad)
For laminar flow, flow rate is linearly proportional to what?
Pressure drop
For turbulent flow, flow rate is proportional to what?
Square root of pressure drop
What is needed in turbulent flow to get blood to all parts of the body?
More pressure from the heart, higher driving force
What is the ratio of volume of red blood cells to volume of whole blood?
Hematocrit
The viscosity of the blood increases as what increases?
Hematocrit
