Class 6 - Language Flashcards
What are the precursors of language?
Strong emotion, imitate nature, resonate with nature, play and dance
What is gestural theory?
Primitive gestures evolved into language. Language and gestures use similar neural systems
What is the cocktail party effect?
We can hear speech better in a noisy environment if we see their lips
What is the McGurk effect?
We we see and hear conflicting syllables, we hear the syllable we saw
What is the Wernicke-Geschwind model?
Auditory cortex (sounds), angular gyrus (read) > Wernicke’s area > arcuate fasciculus > Broca’s area > motor cortex
What did Penfield find about language during lesion studies?
Seems like that language isn’t just restricted to Broca’s and Wernicke’s area
What has neuroimaging told us about language in the brain?
Speech zones are widespread. Brain is organized into neural webs for different aspects of language.
What are the ventral and dorsal pathways for language?
Ventral = attaching word meaning to word knowledge Dorsal = mapping sound to articulation
What is aphasia?
Disorder of the language not due to sensory or motor problems
What are the three categories of aphasia?
Global or pure, fluent, non-fluent
What is severed in conduction aphasia when word repetition is damaged?
Arcuate fasciculus
What is Broca’s area for?
Working memory and articulation
What happens when the insula is damaged?
Apraxia of speech (cannot translate speech sounds to motor movements)
What is Wernicke’s area for?
Holding sentences in memory and rhyming
What is the superior temporal gyrus for?
Sentence comprehension
What happens when the posterior middle temporal gyrus is damaged?
Fluent aphasia
What purpose does the basal ganglia have in speech?
Speech articulation
What purpose does the thalamus have in speech?
Activates the cortex
What is anomia?
Word-finding deficit
Diagnose this: “Hello how turtle are you cow doing?”
Paraphasia (unintended words or phrases)
What is alexia?
Poor reading
What is agraphia?
Poor writing
What are general non-linguistic deficits?
Deficits processing and short term memory
What are specific linguistic deficits?
Poor syntax, poor phonological representation
What is the most common characteristic of speech-sound disorder
Phoneme substitution
What is another name for reading disorders? What are the two types?
Dyslexia. Acquired dyslexia and developmental dyslexia
What is the dual route theory of reading
Reading using lexical and non-lexical routes
What is the main deficit in developmental dyslexia?
Phonological awareness
