Class 6 - Language

Question 1

What are the precursors of language?

Answer 1

Strong emotion, imitate nature, resonate with nature, play and dance

Question 2

What is gestural theory?

Answer 2

Primitive gestures evolved into language. Language and gestures use similar neural systems

Question 3

What is the cocktail party effect?

Answer 3

We can hear speech better in a noisy environment if we see their lips

Question 4

What is the McGurk effect?

Answer 4

We we see and hear conflicting syllables, we hear the syllable we saw

Question 5

What is the Wernicke-Geschwind model?

Answer 5

Auditory cortex (sounds), angular gyrus (read) > Wernicke’s area > arcuate fasciculus > Broca’s area > motor cortex

Question 6

What did Penfield find about language during lesion studies?

Answer 6

Seems like that language isn’t just restricted to Broca’s and Wernicke’s area

Question 7

What has neuroimaging told us about language in the brain?

Answer 7

Speech zones are widespread. Brain is organized into neural webs for different aspects of language.

Question 8

What are the ventral and dorsal pathways for language?

Answer 8

Ventral = attaching word meaning to word knowledge
Dorsal = mapping sound to articulation

Question 9

What is aphasia?

Answer 9

Disorder of the language not due to sensory or motor problems

Question 10

What are the three categories of aphasia?

Answer 10

Global or pure, fluent, non-fluent

Question 11

What is severed in conduction aphasia when word repetition is damaged?

Answer 11

Arcuate fasciculus

Question 12

What is Broca’s area for?

Answer 12

Working memory and articulation

Question 13

What happens when the insula is damaged?

Answer 13

Apraxia of speech (cannot translate speech sounds to motor movements)

Question 14

What is Wernicke’s area for?

Answer 14

Holding sentences in memory and rhyming

Question 15

What is the superior temporal gyrus for?

Answer 15

Sentence comprehension

Question 16

What happens when the posterior middle temporal gyrus is damaged?

Answer 16

Fluent aphasia

Question 17

What purpose does the basal ganglia have in speech?

Answer 17

Speech articulation

Question 18

What purpose does the thalamus have in speech?

Answer 18

Activates the cortex

Question 19

What is anomia?

Answer 19

Word-finding deficit

Question 20

Diagnose this: “Hello how turtle are you cow doing?”

Answer 20

Paraphasia (unintended words or phrases)

Question 21

What is alexia?

Answer 21

Poor reading

Question 22

What is agraphia?

Answer 22

Poor writing

Question 23

What are general non-linguistic deficits?

Answer 23

Deficits processing and short term memory

Question 24

What are specific linguistic deficits?

Answer 24

Poor syntax, poor phonological representation

Question 25

What is the most common characteristic of speech-sound disorder

Answer 25

Phoneme substitution

Question 26

What is another name for reading disorders? What are the two types?

Answer 26

Dyslexia. Acquired dyslexia and developmental dyslexia

Question 27

What is the dual route theory of reading

Answer 27

Reading using lexical and non-lexical routes

Question 28

What is the main deficit in developmental dyslexia?

Answer 28

Phonological awareness