Class 20 - Neurological disorders

Question 1

What is a cerebral vascular accident?

Answer 1

Sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain

Question 2

What is an infarct?

Answer 2

An area of dead or dying tissue

Question 3

What are the two types of strokes?

Answer 3

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

Question 4

What is ischemia?

Answer 4

Blockage of a blood vessel

Question 5

What is cerebral arteriosclerosis?

Answer 5

Thickening and hardening of the arteries

Question 6

What is an angioma?

Answer 6

Collection of abnormal blood vessels. Called arteriovenous malformation

Question 7

What is an aneurysm?

Answer 7

Vascular dilation and balloon expansion. Can fuckin explode…

Question 8

What is recombinant tPA?

Answer 8

Used to reduce post effects of ischemic stroke. DO NOT WANT TO GIVE IT TO A HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

Question 9

What is coup and counter coup?

Answer 9

Injury at the point of impact and injury at opposite side of blow, respectively

Question 10

What is diffuse axonal injury?

Answer 10

Twisting and shearing of neural fibres

Question 11

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale do?

Answer 11

A measurement of consciousness

Question 12

What does post traumatic amnesia measure?

Answer 12

Measure of severity of injury and correlates with future memory disturbance

Question 13

When does most of the head injury recover occur?

Answer 13

In 6 - 9 months

Question 14

What are the two etiologies of seizures?

Answer 14

Symptomatic (identified with a cause) and ideopathic (appear spontaneously)

Question 15

What are the three common symptoms of seizure?

Answer 15

Aura (warning), disturbance of consciousness, abnormal or cessation of movement

Question 16

What tool is used to diagnose seizures?

Answer 16

EEG

Question 17

What is a focal (Jacksonian, simple partial) seizure?

Answer 17

When the seizure activity starts in one area of the brain

Question 18

What is a complex partial seizure?

Answer 18

You have disturbance in consciousness during seizures

Question 19

What is a tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures?

Answer 19

Tonic = rigid, clonic = shaking

Question 20

What is absence (petit mal) seizure?

Answer 20

Loss of awareness, no motor activity except blinking. Brief duration

Question 21

What are akinetic/atonic seizures (drop attacks)?

Answer 21

Person collapses without any warning

Question 22

What are myoclonic spasms?

Answer 22

Massive seizure with sudden flexion or extension of the body

Question 23

What are some treatments for epilepsy?

Answer 23

Anticonvulsant drugs or surgery

Question 24

What is a brain tumor?

Answer 24

A mass of tissue that grows independently?

Question 25

What is benign and what is malignant?

Answer 25

Not likely and likely to recur after removal, respectively

Question 26

What is an encapsulated tumor?

Answer 26

Distinct entity in the brain

Question 27

What is an infiltrating tumor?

Answer 27

Not separated from surrounding tissue

Question 28

What are some treatments for brain tumors?

Answer 28

Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

Question 29

What phases do your veins go through in a migraine?

Answer 29

Vasocontriction and then vasodilation

Question 30

What is a cluster headache?

Answer 30

Unilateral pain that recurs on a regular pattern

Question 31

What are hemiplegic and ophthalmologic migraines?

Answer 31

Moss of movement of the limbs and the eyes

Question 32

What is a tension headache?

Answer 32

Muscle contraction headaches with steady pain

Question 33

What are the best treatments for migraine?

Answer 33

Tryptans and ergotamine compounds, oxygen, antiepileptics

Question 34

What are the best treatments for tension headaches?

Answer 34

Muscle relaxant drugs, minor tranquilizers, posture improvement, reduction of stress

Question 35

What is encephalitis?

Answer 35

Virus infection of the brain

Question 36

What is meningitis?

Answer 36

Infection of the meninges by bacteria

Question 37

What is a mycotic infection?

Answer 37

Invasion of the nervous system by fungus

Question 38

How do you treat viral, cerebral, mycotic or parasitic infections?

Answer 38

Antibiotics

Question 39

What is myasthenia gravis?

Answer 39

Muscular fatigue caused by insufficient acetylcholine receptors on the muscles

Question 40

What is poliomyelitis?

Answer 40

Infectious virus that causes paralysis and wasting of muscles. Controlled by Salk and Sabin vaccines

Question 41

What is multiple sclerosis?

Answer 41

Loss of myelin mainly in the motor tracts. Has sclerotic plaques which are small, hard scars where myelin has been destroyed

Question 42

What is paraplegia?

Answer 42

Paralysis of the lower limbs due to cutting the spinal cord

Question 43

If you cut the left side of the spinal cord, what side will pain and temperature be broken on? What about fine touch and pressure?

Answer 43

Pain and temperature is lost on the opposite side of the cut. Fine touch and pressure lost on the same side of the cut

Question 44

What is hemiplegia?

Answer 44

Loss of voluntary movement on one side of the body, changes in posture and reflexes. Appearance of babinski sign

Question 45

What is narcolepsy?

Answer 45

Inappropriate attack of sleep

Question 46

What is cataplexy?

Answer 46

Complete loss of muscle tone, often at times of emotional excitement

Question 47

What is sleep paralysis with hypnagogic hallucinations?

Answer 47

Auditory, visual or tactile hallucinations while you are awake but cannot move

Question 48

What is the difference between obstructive or central sleep apnea?

Answer 48

Obstructive is when the pharynx collapses, central sleep apnea when diaphragm and accessory muscles dont move due to a CNS disorder

Question 49

What is restless leg syndrome?

Answer 49

Irresistible urge to move legs likely of CNS origin