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PSYC 479 > Class 20 - Neurological disorders > Flashcards

Class 20 - Neurological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cerebral vascular accident?

A

Sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain

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2
Q

What is an infarct?

A

An area of dead or dying tissue

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3
Q

What are the two types of strokes?

A

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

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4
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Blockage of a blood vessel

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5
Q

What is cerebral arteriosclerosis?

A

Thickening and hardening of the arteries

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6
Q

What is an angioma?

A

Collection of abnormal blood vessels. Called arteriovenous malformation

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7
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Vascular dilation and balloon expansion. Can fuckin explode…

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8
Q

What is recombinant tPA?

A

Used to reduce post effects of ischemic stroke. DO NOT WANT TO GIVE IT TO A HEMORRHAGIC STROKE

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9
Q

What is coup and counter coup?

A

Injury at the point of impact and injury at opposite side of blow, respectively

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10
Q

What is diffuse axonal injury?

A

Twisting and shearing of neural fibres

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11
Q

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale do?

A

A measurement of consciousness

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12
Q

What does post traumatic amnesia measure?

A

Measure of severity of injury and correlates with future memory disturbance

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13
Q

When does most of the head injury recover occur?

A

In 6 - 9 months

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14
Q

What are the two etiologies of seizures?

A

Symptomatic (identified with a cause) and ideopathic (appear spontaneously)

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15
Q

What are the three common symptoms of seizure?

A

Aura (warning), disturbance of consciousness, abnormal or cessation of movement

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16
Q

What tool is used to diagnose seizures?

A

EEG

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17
Q

What is a focal (Jacksonian, simple partial) seizure?

A

When the seizure activity starts in one area of the brain

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18
Q

What is a complex partial seizure?

A

You have disturbance in consciousness during seizures

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19
Q

What is a tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures?

A

Tonic = rigid, clonic = shaking

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20
Q

What is absence (petit mal) seizure?

A

Loss of awareness, no motor activity except blinking. Brief duration

21
Q

What are akinetic/atonic seizures (drop attacks)?

A

Person collapses without any warning

22
Q

What are myoclonic spasms?

A

Massive seizure with sudden flexion or extension of the body

23
Q

What are some treatments for epilepsy?

A

Anticonvulsant drugs or surgery

24
Q

What is a brain tumor?

A

A mass of tissue that grows independently?

25
Q

What is benign and what is malignant?

A

Not likely and likely to recur after removal, respectively

26
Q

What is an encapsulated tumor?

A

Distinct entity in the brain

27
Q

What is an infiltrating tumor?

A

Not separated from surrounding tissue

28
Q

What are some treatments for brain tumors?

A

Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

29
Q

What phases do your veins go through in a migraine?

A

Vasocontriction and then vasodilation

30
Q

What is a cluster headache?

A

Unilateral pain that recurs on a regular pattern

31
Q

What are hemiplegic and ophthalmologic migraines?

A

Moss of movement of the limbs and the eyes

32
Q

What is a tension headache?

A

Muscle contraction headaches with steady pain

33
Q

What are the best treatments for migraine?

A

Tryptans and ergotamine compounds, oxygen, antiepileptics

34
Q

What are the best treatments for tension headaches?

A

Muscle relaxant drugs, minor tranquilizers, posture improvement, reduction of stress

35
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Virus infection of the brain

36
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Infection of the meninges by bacteria

37
Q

What is a mycotic infection?

A

Invasion of the nervous system by fungus

38
Q

How do you treat viral, cerebral, mycotic or parasitic infections?

A

Antibiotics

39
Q

What is myasthenia gravis?

A

Muscular fatigue caused by insufficient acetylcholine receptors on the muscles

40
Q

What is poliomyelitis?

A

Infectious virus that causes paralysis and wasting of muscles. Controlled by Salk and Sabin vaccines

41
Q

What is multiple sclerosis?

A

Loss of myelin mainly in the motor tracts. Has sclerotic plaques which are small, hard scars where myelin has been destroyed

42
Q

What is paraplegia?

A

Paralysis of the lower limbs due to cutting the spinal cord

43
Q

If you cut the left side of the spinal cord, what side will pain and temperature be broken on? What about fine touch and pressure?

A

Pain and temperature is lost on the opposite side of the cut. Fine touch and pressure lost on the same side of the cut

44
Q

What is hemiplegia?

A

Loss of voluntary movement on one side of the body, changes in posture and reflexes. Appearance of babinski sign

45
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Inappropriate attack of sleep

46
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

Complete loss of muscle tone, often at times of emotional excitement

47
Q

What is sleep paralysis with hypnagogic hallucinations?

A

Auditory, visual or tactile hallucinations while you are awake but cannot move

48
Q

What is the difference between obstructive or central sleep apnea?

A

Obstructive is when the pharynx collapses, central sleep apnea when diaphragm and accessory muscles dont move due to a CNS disorder

49
Q

What is restless leg syndrome?

A

Irresistible urge to move legs likely of CNS origin

PSYC 479 (19 decks)

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