Class 12 - Temporal Lobe Flashcards
Where is the ventral stream of visual information?
Inferotemporal cortex (BA 20, 21, 37, 38)
What is in the subcortical temporal lobe?
Limbic cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation
Where is the multimodal/polymodal area?
Under superior temporal sulcus (auditory, visual, somatic)
What is in the medial temporal cortex?
Amygdala and adjacent cortex, hippocampus and surrounding cortex, fusiform gyrus
What are the afferent and efferent projections of the temporal lobe?
Afferent: sensory systems
Efferent: parietal and frontal association regions
What is the hierarchical sensory pathway?
Incoming auditory and visual information (stimulus recognition)
What is the dorsal auditory pathway?
From auditory cortex to posterior parietal lobe (detection of spatial location/movement of sound)
What is the polymodal pathway?
From auditory and visual areas to polymodal cortex (stimulus categorization)
What is the medial temporal projection?
From auditory and visual areas to medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala (learning and memory)
What are the frontal lobe projections?
Auditory and visual cortex to frontal lobe (movement control, working memory, affect)
What are the functions of the temporal lobe (4 main functions)?
- Processing speech, music, auditory stimuli (primary and secondary auditory cortex)
- Visual object recognition (secondary visual cortex)
- Long-term storage of information (hippocampal and perrihnal cortex)
- Affective responses (amygdala)
What is cross-modal matching?
Process of matching visual and auditory information (depends on superior temporal sulcus)
What is biological motion and what part of the temporal lobe is involved?
Movements relevant to a species (connection to “theory of mind”. STS (superior temporal sulcus) involved
What direction does someone have to be moving to most activate your STS?
Towards you
Why do neurons in the temporal lobe form columns?
To respond to categories of complex features and shapes. These neurons are easily altered by experience.
What side of the temporal lobe is more important for facial recognition?
Right side
How does speech differ from other sounds?
Speech sounds come from only 3 frequencies, vary from one context to another (still percieved as the same), change very rapidly in relation to one another
What are the three characteristics of music?
Loudness, timbre (distinctive characteristic of a sound), pitch
What are the two forms of pitch?
Fundamental (periodicity) pitch and spectral pitch
What side is dominant for extracting pitch (prosody)?
Right
What side is for temporal grouping of rhythm? What side is for meter/beat?
Left and right, respectively
What side and area of the brain is larger for those with absolute pitch?
Left planum temporale
What side of the temporal lobe is for verbal memory and speech processing? Non verbal memory (maybe) and face processing?
Left and right temporal lobe respectively
What is cortical deafness?
No hearing, but can still detect a sound
What is impaired auditory processing?
Trouble discriminating speech sounds
What is congenital amusia?
Being tone deaf
What affects rhythm discrimination?
Right posterior temporal gyrus
What affects meter discrimination?
Anterior damage to either the right or left temporal lobe
What impairs recall of visual stimuli in the right visual field? Both visual fields?
Left and right temporal lobe respectively
What lesions can lead to difficulty in recognizing specific word categories?
Posterior temporal lobe lesions
Does temporal lobe damage impair the use of context?
Yes
What type of amnesia is usually caused by temporal lobe damage?
Anterograde amnesia
What is antereograde amnesia?
Cannot remember new info (bilateral removal of medial temporal lobes)
What is responsible for conscious recall of information?
Inferotemporal cortex
What is responsible for verbal memory?
Left temporal lobe
Where do you stimulate to produce feelings of fear?
Stimulation of anterior and medial temporal cortex
What is “temporal lobe” personality?
Egocentricity, pedantic speech, overemphasizes petty details, paranoia, aggression
What is Kluver-Bucy syndrome and how is it caused?
Hyperphagia (eating), hypersexuality, hyperorality, visual agnosia docility. Caused by bilateral anterior temporal lobe lesions
What is a complex-partial seizure?
Auditory and olfactory aura precede seizure
