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PSYC 479 > Class 4 - Asymmetry in the brain > Flashcards

Class 4 - Asymmetry in the brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are traditional views of lateralization?

A

Left hemisphere = language, right side movement

Right hemisphere = non-verbal information, left side movement

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2
Q

Which hemisphere is larger, has a steeper lateral fissure and extends further anteriorly?

A

Right

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3
Q

What are the asymmetries in the temporal lobe

A

Planum temporale = larger in left hemisphere

Heschl’s gyrus = larger in right hemisphere

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4
Q

Is grey matter distribution similar in monozygotic twins?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What is double dissociation?

A

When two areas of the cortex are functionally dissociated by two behavioural tests. i.e. one lesion doesn’t affect the behavioral test of another lesion

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6
Q

What happens when you apply electrical currents to the cortex?

A

Deja vu experiences, localized movements, buzzing, flashes… Can also block functions

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7
Q

What is the sodium amobarbitol (Wada) test?

A

Inject sodium amobarbitol in a carotid artery of one side to temporally anesthesise the same side’s hemisphere

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8
Q

What does a tachistoscope do?

A

Presents visual information to each hemisphere independently

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9
Q

What is dichotic listening? What did they find?

A

Presenting two different sounds to each ear. Found that left ear likes music/tone and right ear likes speech. For auditory asymmetry.

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10
Q

Braille is read more rapidly with which hand?

A

Right hand

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11
Q

What is the dichaptic test? What does each hemisphere prefer?

A

Subjects feel objects and then identify what object they felt. Right hemisphere prefers shapes and left hemisphere prefers letters. Looks for asymmetry is somatosensory system.

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12
Q

How can we find asymmetry in the motor system?

A

Either by direct observation or through interference tasks (simultaneous performance of two tasks)

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13
Q

What are the 4 issues with laterality studies?

A
  1. Laterality is not absolute
  2. Cerebral site is as important as cerebral side
  3. Laterality is affected by the environment and genetics
  4. Laterality is exhibited by a range of animals
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14
Q

What hemisphere is for global processing? Local processing?

A

Right and left hemisphere respectively

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15
Q

What hemisphere is for routine responses? Rapid responses?

A

Left and right hemisphere respectively

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16
Q

Which hemisphere is more integrated? More separated?

A

Right and left hemisphere respectively

17
Q

What did they find when looking for lateralization of resting state hubs?

A

No difference in terms of network strength between the two hemispheres

18
Q

How much of the population is left handed?

A

10%-15%

19
Q

What is the concept of crowding?

A

Problems arise when many functions are localized to one area of the brain

20
Q

Children with brain disorders tend to be ___ handed

A

Left

21
Q

What are the 4 theories of handedness?

A
  1. Environmental (environmental reinforcement and accident, behavioural utility)
  2. Anatomical (left hemisphere develops faster and encourages right handers)
  3. Hormonal (left handers have more testosterone)
  4. Genetic (dominant gene for speech lateralization, recessive with no bias for handedness/speech)
22
Q

What gender is more asymmetrical?

A

Male

23
Q

In cognitive/motor and personality features, do males and females differ much?

A

No

24
Q

What are the 5 explanations for sex differences?

A
  1. Hormonal effects
  2. Genetic sex linkage (recessive x chromosome accounts for spatial ability in girls)
  3. Maturation rate (brain matures faster in girls, slower maturation = more asymmetrical)
  4. Environment (boys and girls do different activities)
  5. referred cognitive mode (girls prefer a verbal strategy)
25
Q

What is equipotentiality? Does hemispherectomy provide evidence for or against it?

A

Equal potential for both hemispheres to perform a task. Hemispherectomy provides evidence against it.

26
Q

Does cerebral asymmetry increase with age?

A

Yes

PSYC 479 (19 decks)

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