Chromosomes, Genes

Question 1

What are genes

Answer 1

A gene is part of a chromosome that helps to control a particular characteristic or feature.

Question 2

What are chromosomes

Answer 2

Chromosomes are long strands of DNA found in the nucleus

Question 3

What are gametes

Answer 3

Gametes are sex cells ; two sex cells fuse together to form a zygote

Question 4

What is the name of the female gamete

Answer 4

Egg cell

Question 5

What is the name of the male gamete

Answer 5

Sperm cell

Question 6

How many chromosomes do humans have

Answer 6

46

Question 7

List the features of the sperm cell

Answer 7

It is the male gamete.
They have tails to swim.
They are very active
They have a nucleus containing 23 chromosomes

Question 8

List the features of the egg cell

Answer 8

1. They are the female gamete.
2. They contain food reserves
3. They cannot move by themselves

Question 9

Why do the male and female gametes both have only 23 chromosomes?

Answer 9

Human cells are made up of 46 chromosomes. So, when the male and female gametes are being fused together and the 23 is added to become a 46. This results in a human being made with 46 chromosomes

Question 10

What is fertilisation

Answer 10

The joining of the sperm cell with an egg cell

Question 11

What is a zygote

Answer 11

The cell that is formed when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell

Question 12

Explain what happens for. a child to be a boy or girl

Answer 12

Each egg cell contains an X chromosome. Male cells can either contain an X or a Y chromosome. So when fertilisation occurs, either the sperm cell can produce a Y chromosome which will form a XY chromosome making a boy. Or, the sperm cell will produce an X chromosme making an XX chromosome, which produces a girl

Question 13

What is inheritance

Answer 13

Passing on DNA from parents to children