Chp. 9 - Motivation & Emotions

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Need or desire that energizes & directs behavior. Arises from the interplay between nature & Nurture.

Question 2

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 2

Psychological need creates an aroused state that motivates an individual to satisfy the need. Motivation for drive-reduction arises from homeostasis.

Question 3

Yerkes-Dogson Law

Answer 3

Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance. Relationship between stress & task performance.

Question 4

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 4

Abraham Maslow viewed human motives as a pyramid or hierarchy of needs. Psychological needs lie at the base. Highest human needs occupy the peak.

Question 5

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - Pyramid: Self-actualization

Answer 5

Desire to become the most that one can be.

Question 6

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - Pyramid: Esteem

Answer 6

Respect, self-esteem, recognition strength freedom.

Question 7

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - Pyramid: Love and belonging

Answer 7

Friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection.

Question 8

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - Pyramid: Safety needs

Answer 8

Personal security, employment, resources, health, property.

Question 9

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - Pyramid: Psychological needs

Answer 9

Air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction.

Question 10

Arousal Theory

Answer 10

Our need to maintain an optimal lot of arousal motivates behaviors that meet no physiological need (such as our yearning for stimulation and our hunger for info)

Question 11

Temptation and Food

Answer 11

Friends and food: The presence of others amplifies natural behavior tenderness.

Question 12

Obesity and It’s Effects pt 1

Answer 12

Physical health rises, including diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, gallstones, arthritis, and certain types of cancer.

Question 13

Obesity and It’s Effects pt. 2

Answer 13

Increased depression, especially among women. Bullying, outranking race and sexual orientation as the bigger reason for youth bullying in Western Cultures.

Question 14

Benefit of Belonging

Answer 14

Humans strive to satisfy three needs: competence autonomy, and relatedness.

Question 15

Ostracism

Answer 15

Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups.

Question 16

Social Networking & Social Media

Answer 16

Provides info and supportive connections. Often increases self-disclosure related to friendship.

Question 17

Balance

Answer 17

Monitor times and feelings. Hide more distracting online friends when necessary.

Question 18

Achievement Motivation

Answer 18

Desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining, a high standard. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.

Question 19

Emotion & Motivation: James-Lange Theory

Answer 19

Arousal comes before emotion.

Question 20

Emotion & Motivation: Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 20

Arousal and emotion happens at the same time.

Question 21

Schachter-Singer 2-factor Theory

Answer 21

Arousal + Label = Emotion

Question 22

Zajone, Ledoux, and Lazarus

Answer 22

Emotion and the 2 track brain. Not all emotional responses involve reignition.

Question 23

Emotions

Answer 23

Bodily arousal, Expressive behaviors, Conscious experiences.

Question 24

Basic Emotions

Answer 24

Joy, Interest-excitement, Surprise, Sadness, Anger, Disgust, Contempt, Fear, Shame and Guilt.

Question 25

Physiology of Emotions

Answer 25

Different emotions can share common biological signatures.

Question 26

Lie Detection: Polygraph

Answer 26

Measures emotion-linked changes in breathing, heart rate, and perspiration.D

Question 27

Detecting Emotions in Others pt. 1

Answer 27

Humans communicate without words. Glances can communicate intimacy. Darting eyes may signal anxiety. Humans have the ability to detect nonverbal threats.

Question 28

Detecting Emotion in Others pt. 2`

Answer 28

Women detect emotions better than men do. Anger is considered to be a more masculine emotion.

Question 29

Culture and Emotion

Answer 29

The meanings of gestures vary among cultures.

Question 30

Effects of Facial Expressions

Answer 30

Outward expressions & movements trigger inner feelings and emotions.