Chp. 13 - Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Risks

Answer 1

Labels can be self-fulfilling; biasing power. Mentally ill individuals are viewed as potentially violent and face many challenges in society.

Question 2

Benefits

Answer 2

Labels guide medical diagnosis and treatment. Labels help mental health professionals communicate about their cases and study the causes and treatments of disorders.

Question 3

Anxiety Disorders

Answer 3

Characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Question 4

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 4

Characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both. Compulsive behaviors are responses to obsessive thoughts.

Question 5

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 5

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening and uncontrollable event.

Question 6

Victims of PTSD

Answer 6

Victims include survivors of accidents, disasters, and violent and sexual assaults.

Question 7

Cognition

Answer 7

Includes one’s thoughts, interpretations, memories, and expectations. Observing others can contributor to the development of fears. Interpretations and expectations shape reactions.

Question 8

Substance Use Disorder

Answer 8

Continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.

Question 9

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 9

Chemicals that change perceptions and mood.

Question 10

Depressants

Answer 10

Reduce neural activity and slow down bodily functions.

Question 11

Stimulants

Answer 11

Excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

Question 12

Hallucinogens

Answer 12

Psychedelic drugs that distort perception and trigger sensory images.

Question 13

Alcohol

Answer 13

Disrupts long-term memory processing by suppressing REM sleep. Binge drinking has long-term effects on the brain. Reduces pace of body functions. Lessens the pace of sympathetic nervous system activity. Potent sedative when paired with lack of sleep. Overdose can lead to poisoning.

Question 14

Barbiturates (Tranquilizers)

Answer 14

Depress central nervous system activity. Reduces anxiety, but impairs memory and judgment. Often prescribed to induce sleep or reduce anxiety.

Question 15

Opiates

Answer 15

Opium and its derivatives. Herion, pain-reliever narcotics, OxyContin, Morphine, and Fentanyl. Depress nervous system activity; provide temporary relief from anxiety and pain.

Question 16

Stimulants: Effects on user

Answer 16

Dilation of the pupils. Increase in heart and breathing rates. Rise in blood-sugar levels leading to loss of appetite. Rise in energy and self-confidence.

Question 17

Cocaine

Answer 17

Powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant; snorted, injected, or smoked.

Question 18

Ecstasy

Answer 18

The street name for methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

Question 19

Tolerance

Answer 19

Dwindling effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug.

Question 20

Addiction

Answer 20

Caused by increased intake of psychoactive drugs or by compulsive and dysfunctional behaviors.

Question 21

Behavior Addictions

Answer 21

Compulsive, dysfunctional. With continued use of alcohol and some other drugs, the user’s brain chemistry adapts to offset the drug’s effect.

Question 22

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 22

Depressed mood most of the time. Dramatically reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities most of the time. Significant challenges regulating appetite and weight. Significant challenges regulating sleep. Physical agitation or lethargy. Feeling listless or with much less energy. Feeling worthless, or feeling unwarranted guilt. Problems in thinking, concentrating, or making decisions. Thinking repetitively of death and suicide.

Question 23

Mania

Answer 23

Hyperactive and wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common. The flood of ideas during milder forms of mania can fuel creativity.

Question 24

Delusions

Answer 24

False belief of persecution or grandeur that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Question 25

Psychotic Disorders

Answer 25

Group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality.

Question 26

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 26

A person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight.

Question 27

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 27

A person alternates binge eating with purging or fasting.

Question 28

Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 28

Significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the purging or fasting.

Question 29

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 29

Individuals exhibit two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

Question 30

Personality Disorders

Answer 30

Inflexible and enduring behavior pattern that impairs social functioning.

Question 31

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 31

Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members.