Chp. 1 - Psych's Roots, Critical Thinking & Improvement Tools

Question 1

Independent Variable

Answer 1

Factor that is manipulated.

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

Variable that is measured, may change depending on the independent variable.

Question 3

Confounding Variable

Answer 3

Factor outside of the study influencing events.

Question 4

Placebo Effect

Answer 4

Results caused by expectations of result.

Question 5

Experimental Group

Answer 5

Group exposed to treatment.

Question 6

Control Group

Answer 6

Group not exposed to treatment.

Question 7

Experiment

Answer 7

Researchers vary one or more factors to observe effects.

Question 8

Correlation

Answer 8

Correlation does not equal causation. Methods that associate.

Question 9

Debriefing

Answer 9

Talking about the study’s result and purposes of the study after the study ends, and disclosing any deceptions.

Question 10

Informed Consent

Answer 10

Giving participants/clients enough info to allow them to choose whether or not they want to participate.

Question 11

The Survey

Answer 11

Data collected via self report.

Question 12

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 12

Observing and recording data in naturally occurring situations.

Question 13

Case Study

Answer 13

One individual or group is studied in depth.

Question 14

Theory

Answer 14

An explanation using principles that organize observations and makes predictions on behavior or events.

Question 15

Replication

Answer 15

Ability to repeat the study with different participants and get the same results.

Question 16

Operational Definitions

Answer 16

To check biases of researchers statement that defines exact procedures used in a researchers study.

Question 17

Dual Processing

Answer 17

Our mind processes info at the same time, but on different tracks both the conscious and the unconscious.

Question 18

Nurture vs. Nature

Answer 18

Controversial viewpoints on both sides over the influence of genes vs experience in terms of development of traits and behaviors. Most believe, it is a combination of the two.

Question 19

Culture

Answer 19

Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, Values, and traditions shared by a group of people and handed down from one generation to the next.

Question 20

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 20

Biological, Psychological & Social-cultural.

Question 20

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 20

Emphasized childhood experiences, consciousness and the unconscious.

Question 21

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 21

Emphasized human growth potential, need for love and acceptance.

Question 22

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 22

How do we perceive, process, and store information.

Question 23

Structuralism, Functionalism & Behaviors

Answer 23

Focused on structures of the mind (Wundt). How does the mind function (James). Psychology viewed as an objective science, studying behavior (Skinner).

Question 24

Critical Thinking

Answer 24

Does not blindly accept arguments or conclusion. It examines, evaluates, and questions to discover things that may be hidden.