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Psychology > Chp. 2 - The Biology of Behavior and Consciousness > Flashcards

Chp. 2 - The Biology of Behavior and Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Dream Theories

A

Freuds which fulfillment

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2
Q

Manifest Content

A

Remembered story line of a dream.

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3
Q

Latent Content

A

Underlying meaning of a dream.

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4
Q

Gestalt Dream Theory

A

Combines manifest and latent content, you are everything and everyone in your dream.

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5
Q

Dreams

A

Sequences of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

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6
Q

Sleep Disorders: Insomnia

A

Recurring problems in failing or staying asleep.

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7
Q

Sleep Disorders: Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder in which a person has uncontrollable sleep attacks, sometimes lapsing directly into REM sleep.

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8
Q

Sleep Disorders: Sleep Apnea

A

Sleep disorder in which a sleeping person repeatably awakens just long enough to draw a breath.

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9
Q

Fatcells

A

Increased production; greater risk of obesity.

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10
Q

Joints

A

Increased inflammation and arthritis.

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11
Q

Muscles

A

Reduced strength; slower reaction time and motor learning.

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12
Q

Immune System

A

Decreased production of immune cells; increased risk of viral infections, such as colds.

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13
Q

Heart

A

Increased risk of high blood pressure.

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14
Q

Stomach

A

Increase in the hunger-arousing hormone, ghrelin decrease in the hunger-suppressing hormone, leptin.

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15
Q

Brain

A

Decreased ability to focus attention and process and stone memories; increased risk of depression; decreased metabolic rate; increased cortisol; enhanced limbic brain responses to the mere sight of food; decreased cortical responses - reducing ability to resist temptation.

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16
Q

Sleep Loss Effects

A

Destroy’s mood. Decrease driver safety. Lower resistance to infection. Reduce school performance. Influence weight gain.

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17
Q

REM Sleep

A

The heart rate rises and breathing becomes rapid and irregular. The eyes dart around, which indicates the beginning of a dream. The genitals of both men & women are aroused, regardless of whether the dream context is sexual.

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18
Q

EEG

A

Readings to detect sleeping individuals brain waves.

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19
Q

Alpha Waves

A

As the individual grows tired, he or she slips in to sleep.

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20
Q

Sleep

A

Periodic natural loss of consciousness.

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21
Q

REM (R) Sleep

A

Rapid eye movement sleep; a requiring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.

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22
Q

Sleep Hygiene

A

Habits and practices they are conducive to sleeping well on a regular basis.

23
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Internal biological clock. Regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hr cycle.

24
Q

Selective Attention

A

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

25
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

Failure to see visible objects when one’s attention is directed elsewhere.

26
Q

Change Blindness

A

Failing to notice changes in the environment.

27
Q

Sequential Processing

A

Processing are aspect of a problem at a time. Used when one focuses attention or new or complex tasks.

28
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously. The brain’s natural mode of info processing her many functions.

29
Q

Conscious Awareness

A

Is a product or coordinated, brain wide activity. Healthy patient and motionless patient both had similar reactions to being asked questions via fMRI.

30
Q

Biological Psychology

A

Scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes.

31
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

32
Q

Phineas Gage

A

His skull was kept as a medical record. Much of his frontal lobe was destroyed.

33
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Formation of new neurons.

34
Q

The Frontal Lobe

A

Responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory, emotions, impulse control, problem solving, social interactions, and motor function.

35
Q

Brain Damage Effects are caused by

A

Severed neurons that usually do not repair themselves.

35
Q

Nervous System

A

The body’s speedy electrochemical c communication network, cons its of all the nerve cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

36
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and spinal cord.

37
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Sensory and motor neurons connecting to CNS to the rest of the body.

38
Q

Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine

A

Muscle action, learning, memory = Alzheimer’s Ach neurons deteriorate.

39
Q

Neurotransmitters: Endorphins

A

Influence perception of pain or pleasure and opiates can suppress natural endorphin supply.

40
Q

Neurotransmitters: Norepinephrine

A

Alertness and arousal - Linked to depression.

41
Q

Neurotransmitters: Glutamate

A

Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory - oversupply can overstimulate the brain, producing migraines or seizures.

42
Q

Neurotransmitters: Dopamine

A

Movement, learning, emotion = Positive liked to schizophrenia, negative linked to mobility issues - Parkinson’s.

43
Q

Neurotransmitters: Serotonin

A

Mood, hunger, sleep, arousal. Linked to depression.

44
Q

Synapse

A

The junction between the axon tip of a sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of a receiving neuron.

45
Q

Action Potential

A

A nerve impulse. A belief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

46
Q

Neuron

A

A nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system. Contains dendrites that listen and axons that spread.

47
Q

Axon

A

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glads.

48
Q

Cell Body

A

The cell’s life support center.

49
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive messages from other cells.

50
Q

Neural Impulse

A

Action potential, electric signal traveling down the axon.

51
Q

Terminal bronches

A

Of axon from junctions with other cells.

52
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses.

53
Q

Plastcity

A

The brain has the ability to change, especially during childhood, bhy reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.

Psychology (12 decks)

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