Chp. 2 - The Biology of Behavior and Consciousness

Question 1

Dream Theories

Answer 1

Freuds which fulfillment

Question 2

Manifest Content

Answer 2

Remembered story line of a dream.

Question 3

Latent Content

Answer 3

Underlying meaning of a dream.

Question 4

Gestalt Dream Theory

Answer 4

Combines manifest and latent content, you are everything and everyone in your dream.

Question 5

Dreams

Answer 5

Sequences of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.

Question 6

Sleep Disorders: Insomnia

Answer 6

Recurring problems in failing or staying asleep.

Question 7

Sleep Disorders: Narcolepsy

Answer 7

Sleep disorder in which a person has uncontrollable sleep attacks, sometimes lapsing directly into REM sleep.

Question 8

Sleep Disorders: Sleep Apnea

Answer 8

Sleep disorder in which a sleeping person repeatably awakens just long enough to draw a breath.

Question 9

Fatcells

Answer 9

Increased production; greater risk of obesity.

Question 10

Joints

Answer 10

Increased inflammation and arthritis.

Question 11

Muscles

Answer 11

Reduced strength; slower reaction time and motor learning.

Question 12

Immune System

Answer 12

Decreased production of immune cells; increased risk of viral infections, such as colds.

Question 13

Heart

Answer 13

Increased risk of high blood pressure.

Question 14

Stomach

Answer 14

Increase in the hunger-arousing hormone, ghrelin decrease in the hunger-suppressing hormone, leptin.

Question 15

Brain

Answer 15

Decreased ability to focus attention and process and stone memories; increased risk of depression; decreased metabolic rate; increased cortisol; enhanced limbic brain responses to the mere sight of food; decreased cortical responses - reducing ability to resist temptation.

Question 16

Sleep Loss Effects

Answer 16

Destroy’s mood. Decrease driver safety. Lower resistance to infection. Reduce school performance. Influence weight gain.

Question 17

REM Sleep

Answer 17

The heart rate rises and breathing becomes rapid and irregular. The eyes dart around, which indicates the beginning of a dream. The genitals of both men & women are aroused, regardless of whether the dream context is sexual.

Question 18

EEG

Answer 18

Readings to detect sleeping individuals brain waves.

Question 19

Alpha Waves

Answer 19

As the individual grows tired, he or she slips in to sleep.

Question 20

Sleep

Answer 20

Periodic natural loss of consciousness.

Question 21

REM (R) Sleep

Answer 21

Rapid eye movement sleep; a requiring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.

Question 22

Sleep Hygiene

Answer 22

Habits and practices they are conducive to sleeping well on a regular basis.

Question 23

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 23

Internal biological clock. Regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hr cycle.

Question 24

Selective Attention

Answer 24

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

Question 25

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 25

Failure to see visible objects when one's attention is directed elsewhere.

Question 26

Change Blindness

Answer 26

Failing to notice changes in the environment.

Question 27

Sequential Processing

Answer 27

Processing are aspect of a problem at a time. Used when one focuses attention or new or complex tasks.

Question 28

Parallel Processing

Answer 28

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously. The brain's natural mode of info processing her many functions.

Question 29

Conscious Awareness

Answer 29

Is a product or coordinated, brain wide activity. Healthy patient and motionless patient both had similar reactions to being asked questions via fMRI.

Question 30

Biological Psychology

Answer 30

Scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes.

Question 31

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 31

Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 32

Phineas Gage

Answer 32

His skull was kept as a medical record. Much of his frontal lobe was destroyed.

Question 33

Neurogenesis

Answer 33

Formation of new neurons.

Question 34

The Frontal Lobe

Answer 34

Responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory, emotions, impulse control, problem solving, social interactions, and motor function.

Question 35

Brain Damage Effects are caused by

Answer 35

Severed neurons that usually do not repair themselves.

Question 35

Nervous System

Answer 35

The body's speedy electrochemical c communication network, cons its of all the nerve cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Question 36

Central Nervous System

Answer 36

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 37

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 37

Sensory and motor neurons connecting to CNS to the rest of the body.

Question 38

Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine

Answer 38

Muscle action, learning, memory = Alzheimer's Ach neurons deteriorate.

Question 39

Neurotransmitters: Endorphins

Answer 39

Influence perception of pain or pleasure and opiates can suppress natural endorphin supply.

Question 40

Neurotransmitters: Norepinephrine

Answer 40

Alertness and arousal - Linked to depression.

Question 41

Neurotransmitters: Glutamate

Answer 41

Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory - oversupply can overstimulate the brain, producing migraines or seizures.

Question 42

Neurotransmitters: Dopamine

Answer 42

Movement, learning, emotion = Positive liked to schizophrenia, negative linked to mobility issues - Parkinson's.

Question 43

Neurotransmitters: Serotonin

Answer 43

Mood, hunger, sleep, arousal. Linked to depression.

Question 44

Synapse

Answer 44

The junction between the axon tip of a sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of a receiving neuron.

Question 45

Action Potential

Answer 45

A nerve impulse. A belief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

Question 46

Neuron

Answer 46

A nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system. Contains dendrites that listen and axons that spread.

Question 47

Axon

Answer 47

Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glads.

Question 48

Cell Body

Answer 48

The cell's life support center.

Question 49

Dendrites

Answer 49

Receive messages from other cells.

Question 50

Neural Impulse

Answer 50

Action potential, electric signal traveling down the axon.

Question 51

Terminal bronches

Answer 51

Of axon from junctions with other cells.

Question 52

Myelin Sheath

Answer 52

Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses.

Question 53

Plastcity

Answer 53

The brain has the ability to change, especially during childhood, bhy reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.