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Medical Terminology > Chp 2- Pertaining to Body as Whole > Flashcards

Chp 2- Pertaining to Body as Whole Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are cells?

A

fundamental unit of all living things

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2
Q

Major parts of a cell?

A
  • chromosome
  • nucleus
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondria
  • ER
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3
Q

Cell Membrane

A

protects + regulates what passes

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

where cell division occurs

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • rod-like structures in Nucleus (23 Pairs)
  • 46 total
  • contain genes → DNA →activity of cell based on sequence
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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • all material outside nucleus
  • supplies chemical needs of All
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7
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

manufacture proteins for the cell

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A
  • build long chains of proteins
  • anabolism → build large proteins
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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

Energy, nutrients, O2

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10
Q

Anabolism

A

build large protein from small protein

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11
Q

Catabolism

A

complex proteins down to simple protein with Energy release

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12
Q

Karyotype

A

numerical order of chromosomes

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13
Q

metabolism

A

anabolism + catabolism

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14
Q

Muscle Cell

A
  • long slender, fibers → contact+ relax
  • voluntary (concious) → arms, legs
  • involuntary (unconcious) → heart, lungs
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15
Q

Nerve cells

A

send nerve impulses

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16
Q

Fat Cells

A
  • large empty space for fat storage
  • connective tissue → bone, blood, adipose
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17
Q

Epithelial Cells

A
  • all over body
  • Exocrine + endocrine glands → responsible for secretions
  • skin/lining
  • square + flat
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18
Q

Tissues

A

group of similar cells working together

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19
Q

Organs

A

different types of tissue combine to form an organ

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20
Q

Systems

A

groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

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21
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

fat cells

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22
Q

Cartilage

A

connective tissue

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23
Q

Epithelial Cells

A

Skin Cells, outside world

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24
Q

Histologist

A

Specialist

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25
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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26
Q

pharynx

A

throat, passage way, food + air

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27
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland @ base of brain

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28
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

@ top of trachea

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29
Q

Trachea

A

wind pipe

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30
Q

Ureter

A

to blader

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31
Q

urethra

A

bladder to outside

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32
Q

Uterus

A

womb

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33
Q

Viscera

A

internal organs

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34
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Brain + Pituitary

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35
Q

Thoracic

A

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, bronchi, thymus gland

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36
Q

Pleural Cavity

A
  • Part of thoracic cavity
  • space around the lungs
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37
Q

mediastinum

A
  • Part of thoracic cavity
  • between left and right pleural cavities (between lungs, holds heart)
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38
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

stomach, SI, LI, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder

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39
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

portions of small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters, uterus + vagina in females

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40
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Nerves of the spinal cord

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41
Q

Right/Left hypochondriac region

A

top, below ribs

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42
Q

Epigastric Region

A

Above stomach

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43
Q

R/L Lumbar region

A

Middle sides

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44
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Middle

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45
Q

R/L inguinal Region

A

bottom corners

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46
Q

Hypogastric region

A

bottom middle

47
Q

RUQ

A

contains liver (right lobe), gall bladder, part of liver, part of pancreas, Parts of SI/LI

48
Q

LUQ

A

left liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small/large intestine

49
Q

RLQ

A

SI/LI, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

50
Q

LLQ

A

SI/LI, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

51
Q

Divisions of the spine + numbers

A

Cervical (C1-C7), Thoracic (T1-T12), Lumbar (L1-L5), Sacral (S1-S4), Coccygeal (4 fused)

52
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

front

53
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

back

54
Q

Superficial (cephalic)

A

surface

55
Q

proximal

A

Closer to center of body

56
Q

Distal

A

Away from reference point/ center of body

57
Q

Inferior

A

below

58
Q

superior

A

above

59
Q

Medial

A

middle

60
Q

lateral

A

outside

61
Q

supine

A

upwards

62
Q

prone

A

downwards

63
Q

Frontal/Coronal plane

A

split into front and back

64
Q

Sagittal/ lateral plane

A

left and right

65
Q

Transverse (axial) plane

A

top and bottom

66
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

67
Q

adip/o

A

fat

68
Q

anter/o

A

front

69
Q

cervic/o

A

neck (back of body or uterus)

70
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

71
Q

chrom/o

A

color

72
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx (tailbone)

73
Q

crani/o

A

skull

74
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

75
Q

dist/o

A

far/distant

76
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of body (dorsal)

77
Q

hist/o, histi/o

A

tissue

78
Q

ili/o

A

illium (of the hip bone)

79
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

80
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

81
Q

later/o

A

side

82
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back

83
Q

medi/o

A

middle

84
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

85
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

86
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

87
Q

poster/o

A

behind/ back

88
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest

89
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

90
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

91
Q

spin/o

A

spine/backbone

92
Q

thel/o, theli/o

A

nipple

93
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

94
Q

trache/o

A

trachea/ windpipe

95
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel/ umbilicus

96
Q

ventr/o

A

belly side of the body

97
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra(e)/ Backbone(s)

98
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

99
Q

ana-

A

up

100
Q

cata-

A

down

101
Q

epi-

A

above

102
Q

hypo-

A

below

103
Q

inter-

A

between

104
Q

intra-

A

within

105
Q

meta-

A

change

106
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

107
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

108
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

109
Q

-ism

A

process, condition

110
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to/ full of

111
Q

-plasm

A

formation

112
Q

-somes

A

bodies

113
Q

-type

A

picture, classification

114
Q
A

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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