Chp 15- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
acetabulum
rounded depression in pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint
acromion
outward extension of shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder
bone
dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton
bone depression
opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageway for blood vessels and nerves
bone process
enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons and ligaments
cancellous bone
spongy, porous bone tissue in inner part of bone
cartilage
flexible, connective tissue
collagen
dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues
compact bone
hard dense bone tissue, usually found around outer portion of bones
cranial bones (name them, 6)
ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal
diaphysis
shaft/ mid-portion of long bone
disc
flat round, plate-like structure
epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes in immature skeleton
epiphysis
each end of a long bone; area beyond the epiphyseal plate
facial bones (name them, 6)
lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic
fontanelle
soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant
forman magnum
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
haversian canals
minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone
ligament
fibroud connective tissue that binds bones to other
malleolus
round process on both sides of the ankle joint
manubrium
upper portion of the sternum
mastoid process
round projection on the temporl bone behind the ear
medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
metaphysis
flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate
olecranon
large process on the proximal end of the ulna
orthopedist
medical doctor who specializes in bone joint and muscle conditions
osseous tissue
bone tissue
ossification
process of bone formation
osteoblast
cell that “builds” bone tissue
osteoclast
cell “cleans” up unwanted bone tissue
periosteum
membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
phosphorous
mineral found in bones in combination with calcium
physiatrist
medical doctor who specializes in rehabilitation
pubic symphysis
area confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis
red bone marrow
found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis
ribs
12 pairs of curved bone forming chest wall, first 7 are true, 8-10 are false, 11-12 floating
sella turcica
depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
sinus
hollow air cavity within a bone
styloid process
pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
suture
immovable joint between bones
temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw
tendon
fibrous connective tissue that binds muscle to bones
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone
vertebra
individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina
xiphoid process
lower, narrow portion of sternum
yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue found in medullary cavity of most adult long bones
calc/o
calcium
calic/o
calcium
kyph/o
posterior curvature in thoracic region
lamin/o
lamina
lord/o
curve
lumb/o
loins, lower back
myel/o
bone marrow
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
scoli/o
crooked
spondyl/o
vertebra
vertebr/o
vertebra
-blast
embryonic cell
-clast
to break
-listhesis
slipping
-malacia
softening
-physis
to grow
-porosis
pore, passage
-tome
instrument to cut
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
calcane/o
calcaneus (heal)
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
cost/o
ribs
crani/o
cranium (skull)
femor/o
femur (thigh bones)
fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium (part of pelvic bone)
malleol/o
malleolus
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jaw bone)
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jaw bone)
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
metatars/o
metatarsals (foot bones)
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
pelv/i
pelvis
perone/o
fibula
phalang/o
phalanges (finger, toe bones)
pub/o
pubis
radi/o
radius
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder blade)
stern/o
sternum (brestbone)
tars/o
tarsals
tibi/o
tibia (shine bone)
uln/o
ulna (lower arm bone)
ewing sarcoma
malignant bone tumor
exostosis
bony growth on surface of bone
osteogenic sarcoma
malignant tumor arising from bone
osteomalacia
softening of bone
osteomyelitis
inflammation secondary to infection
talipes
congenital abnormality of hindfoot involving the talus (clubfoot)
synovial joint
freely movable
articular cartilage
smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint
articulation
any type of joint
bursa
sac of fluid near a joint
ligament
fibrous connective bands binding bones to other bones
meniscus
crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee
synovial fluid
viscous fluid within synovial cavity
synovial cavity
space between bones at a synovial joint
synovial membrane
tissue lining synovial cavity; produces synovial fluid
tendon
fibrous connective bands that connect muscle to bone
ankyl/o
stiff
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
burs/o
bursa
chondr/o
cartilage
ligament/o
ligament
rheumat/o
watery flow
synov/o
synovial membrane
ten/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
-desis
to bind, tie together
-stenosis
narrowing
arthritis
inflammation of any joint
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic progressive stiffening of joints, mostly spine
gouty arthritis
inflammation due to excessive uric acid in body
osteoarthritis (OA)
loss of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs at articular surfaces; can occur in any joint, but mainly in spine, hips and knees of older people
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
autoimmune reaction against joint tissues (synovial membrane)
bunion
swelling of medical aspect of joint between bog toe and first metatarsal bone
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of median nerve as it passes between transverse ligament and bones and tendons of the wrists
dislocation
displacement of bone from joint
abduction
movement away from midline of body
adduction
movement toward midline of the body
dorsiflexion
upper movement of the foot
extension
straightening of a flexed limb
fasica
fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles
flexion
downward movement of the foot
insertion of a muscle
connection of a muscle to a bone that moves
origin of a muscle
connection of the muscle to a stationary bone
plantar flexion
bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground
pronation
turning the palm downward
rotation
circular movement around a central point
skeletal muscle
muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle
smooth muscle
visceral muscle
striated muscle
skeletal muscle
supination
turning palm upward
visceral muscle
muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle
fasic/o
fascia
leiomy/o
smooth muscle
my/o
muscle
myocardi/
heart muscle
myos/o
muscle
plant/o
sole of the foot
rhabdomy/o
skeletal muscle connected to bones
sarco
muscles and flesh
-asthenia
lack of strength
-trophy
development, nourishment
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
dorsi-
back
ganglion
fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or tendon in the wrist
processes
attachment point for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
