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Medical Terminology > Chp 15- Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chp 15- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

rounded depression in pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint

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2
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

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3
Q

bone

A

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

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4
Q

bone depression

A

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or passageway for blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

bone process

A

enlarged area that extends from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons and ligaments

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6
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy, porous bone tissue in inner part of bone

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7
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, connective tissue

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8
Q

collagen

A

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues

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9
Q

compact bone

A

hard dense bone tissue, usually found around outer portion of bones

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10
Q

cranial bones (name them, 6)

A

ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, temporal

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11
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft/ mid-portion of long bone

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12
Q

disc

A

flat round, plate-like structure

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13
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes in immature skeleton

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14
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of a long bone; area beyond the epiphyseal plate

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15
Q

facial bones (name them, 6)

A

lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, zygomatic

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16
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant

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17
Q

forman magnum

A

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

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18
Q

haversian canals

A

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

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19
Q

ligament

A

fibroud connective tissue that binds bones to other

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20
Q

malleolus

A

round process on both sides of the ankle joint

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21
Q

manubrium

A

upper portion of the sternum

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22
Q

mastoid process

A

round projection on the temporl bone behind the ear

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23
Q

medullary cavity

A

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

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24
Q

metaphysis

A

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis and the epiphyseal plate

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25
Q

olecranon

A

large process on the proximal end of the ulna

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26
Q

orthopedist

A

medical doctor who specializes in bone joint and muscle conditions

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27
Q

osseous tissue

A

bone tissue

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28
Q

ossification

A

process of bone formation

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29
Q

osteoblast

A

cell that “builds” bone tissue

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30
Q

osteoclast

A

cell “cleans” up unwanted bone tissue

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31
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

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32
Q

phosphorous

A

mineral found in bones in combination with calcium

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33
Q

physiatrist

A

medical doctor who specializes in rehabilitation

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34
Q

pubic symphysis

A

area confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvis

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35
Q

red bone marrow

A

found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis

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36
Q

ribs

A

12 pairs of curved bone forming chest wall, first 7 are true, 8-10 are false, 11-12 floating

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37
Q

sella turcica

A

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

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38
Q

sinus

A

hollow air cavity within a bone

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39
Q

styloid process

A

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

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40
Q

suture

A

immovable joint between bones

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41
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and the mandibular bone of the jaw

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42
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscle to bones

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43
Q

trabeculae

A

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone

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44
Q

vertebra

A

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina

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45
Q

xiphoid process

A

lower, narrow portion of sternum

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46
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

fatty tissue found in medullary cavity of most adult long bones

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47
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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48
Q

calic/o

A

calcium

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49
Q

kyph/o

A

posterior curvature in thoracic region

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50
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina

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51
Q

lord/o

A

curve

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52
Q

lumb/o

A

loins, lower back

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53
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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54
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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55
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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56
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked

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57
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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58
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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59
Q

-blast

A

embryonic cell

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60
Q

-clast

A

to break

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61
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

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62
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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63
Q

-physis

A

to grow

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64
Q

-porosis

A

pore, passage

65
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

66
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum (hip socket)

67
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus (heal)

68
Q

carp/o

A

carpals (wrist bones)

69
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle (collar bone)

70
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

71
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

72
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bones)

73
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller lower leg bone)

74
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

75
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (part of pelvic bone)

76
Q

malleol/o

A

malleolus

77
Q

mandibul/o

A

mandible (lower jaw bone)

78
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla (upper jaw bone)

79
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals (hand bones)

80
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals (foot bones)

81
Q

olecran/o

A

olecranon (elbow)

82
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

83
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

84
Q

perone/o

A

fibula

85
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (finger, toe bones)

86
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

87
Q

radi/o

A

radius

88
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula (shoulder blade)

89
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (brestbone)

90
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals

91
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (shine bone)

92
Q

uln/o

A

ulna (lower arm bone)

93
Q

ewing sarcoma

A

malignant bone tumor

94
Q

exostosis

A

bony growth on surface of bone

95
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

malignant tumor arising from bone

96
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bone

97
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation secondary to infection

98
Q

talipes

A

congenital abnormality of hindfoot involving the talus (clubfoot)

99
Q

synovial joint

A

freely movable

100
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint

101
Q

articulation

A

any type of joint

102
Q

bursa

A

sac of fluid near a joint

103
Q

ligament

A

fibrous connective bands binding bones to other bones

104
Q

meniscus

A

crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure found in the knee

105
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous fluid within synovial cavity

106
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between bones at a synovial joint

107
Q

synovial membrane

A

tissue lining synovial cavity; produces synovial fluid

108
Q

tendon

A

fibrous connective bands that connect muscle to bone

109
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

110
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

111
Q

articul/o

A

joint

112
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

113
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

114
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

115
Q

rheumat/o

A

watery flow

116
Q

synov/o

A

synovial membrane

117
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

118
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

119
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

120
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

121
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of any joint

122
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic progressive stiffening of joints, mostly spine

123
Q

gouty arthritis

A

inflammation due to excessive uric acid in body

124
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

loss of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs at articular surfaces; can occur in any joint, but mainly in spine, hips and knees of older people

125
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

autoimmune reaction against joint tissues (synovial membrane)

126
Q

bunion

A

swelling of medical aspect of joint between bog toe and first metatarsal bone

127
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of median nerve as it passes between transverse ligament and bones and tendons of the wrists

128
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of bone from joint

129
Q

abduction

A

movement away from midline of body

130
Q

adduction

A

movement toward midline of the body

131
Q

dorsiflexion

A

upper movement of the foot

132
Q

extension

A

straightening of a flexed limb

133
Q

fasica

A

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

134
Q

flexion

A

downward movement of the foot

135
Q

insertion of a muscle

A

connection of a muscle to a bone that moves

136
Q

origin of a muscle

A

connection of the muscle to a stationary bone

137
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground

138
Q

pronation

A

turning the palm downward

139
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around a central point

140
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle connected to bones; voluntary or striated muscle

141
Q

smooth muscle

A

visceral muscle

142
Q

striated muscle

A

skeletal muscle

143
Q

supination

A

turning palm upward

144
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle

145
Q

fasic/o

A

fascia

146
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle

147
Q

my/o

A

muscle

148
Q

myocardi/

A

heart muscle

149
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

150
Q

plant/o

A

sole of the foot

151
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

skeletal muscle connected to bones

152
Q

sarco

A

muscles and flesh

153
Q

-asthenia

A

lack of strength

154
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

155
Q

ab-

A

away from

156
Q

ad-

A

toward

157
Q

dorsi-

A

back

158
Q

ganglion

A

fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or tendon in the wrist

159
Q

processes

A

attachment point for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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