Chp 18- Endocrine System Flashcards
adrenal cortex
outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
adrenal medulla
inner section of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
ovaries
located in lower abdomen of female, egg production and estrogen/progesterone secretion
pancreas
located behind the stomach
parathyroid gland
4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland
pituitary gland (hypophysis)
located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica
testes
two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion
thyroid gland
located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
adrenaline/ epinephrine
secreted by medulla; increases HR and BP
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates adrenal cortex
aldosterone
secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt absorption
androgen
male hormone secreted by the testes and adrenal cortex
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys
calcitonin
secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels
cortisol
secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar
estradiol
estrogen secreted by the ovaries
estrogen
female hormone secreted by the ovaries and adrenal cortex
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the
pituitary gland; stimulates hormone
secretion and egg production by ovaries
and sperm production by testes
glucagons
Secreted by alpha islet cells of pancreas;
increases blood sugar
growth
hormone (GH);
somatotropin
Secreted by the anterior lobe of the
pituitary gland; stimulates growth of
bones and soft tissues
insulin
Secreted by beta islet cells of pancreas;
helps glucose pass into cells and promotes
conversion of glucose to glycogen
luteinizing
hormone (LH)
Secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary
gland; stimulates ovulation in females and
testosterone secretion in males
norepinephrine
Secreted by the adrenal medulla;
increases heart rate and blood pressure
oxytocin (OT)
Secreted by the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of
uterus during labor and childbirth
parathormone
(PTH)
Secreted by parathyroid glands; increases
blood calcium
progesterone
Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the
uterus for pregnancy
prolactin (PRL)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion
somatotropin (STH)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone
testosterone
male hormone secreted by testes
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); Thyrotropin
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion
somatotropin (STH)
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes thyroid function
thyroxine (T4)
secreted by the thyroid gland; increases cell metabolism
Triiodothyronine (T3)
secreted by the thyroid gland; increases cell metablisom
vasopressin
secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; ADH; raises water reabsorption and raises BP
catecholamines
hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla
corticosteroids
hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
electrolyte
mineral salt found in blood and tissues
glucocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism
hormone
substance secreted by an endocrine gland to influence structure or function of an organ or gland
hypothalamus
region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland
mineralocorticoid
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body
receptor
cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited
sella turcica
cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland
sex hormones
steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics
steroid
complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made
sympathomimetic
pretaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system
target tissue
cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
aden/o
gland
adrenal/o
adrenal glands
gonad/o
sex glands (ovaris, testes)
pancreat/o
pancreas
parathryoid/o
parathyroid gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland; hypophysis
thyr/o
thyriod gland
thyroid/o
thyroid gland
andr/o
male
calc/o, calici/o
calcium
cortic/o
cortex, outer region
crin/o
secrete
dips/o
thirst
estr/o
female
gluc/o, glyc/o
sugar
home/o
sameness
hormon/o
hormone
kal/l
potassium (an electrolyte)
lact/o
milk
myx/o
mucus
natr/o
sodium
phys/o
growing
somat/o
body
ster/o
solid structure
toc/o
childbirth
toxic/o
position
ur/o
urine
-agon
assemble, gather together
-emia
blood collection
-in, ine
a substance
-tropin
stimulating the function of
-uria
urine condition
eu-
good, normal
hyper-
excessive, above
hypo-
deficient, below
oxy-
rapid, sharp, acid
pan-
all
poly-
much or increased
tetra-
four
tri
three
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid
hyperparathyroidism
loss of bone density, kidney stones, hypercalcemia
hypoparathyroidism
muscle and nerve weakness, tetany, hypocalcemia
addison disease
deficient mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, hyponatremia, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure
