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Medical Terminology > Chp 11- Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chp 11- Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

a small artery

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4
Q

artery

A

largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

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5
Q

atrioventriclar bundle (bundle of HIS)

A

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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6
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

specialized tissue in the wall between atria; electrical impulses pass from pacemaker through AV node and bundle of his toward ventricles

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7
Q

Atrium

A

one of two upper chambers of the heart

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8
Q

capillary

A

the smallest blood vessel

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9
Q

CO2

A

waste gas released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, then to lungs for exhalation

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10
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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11
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

oxygen-poor blood

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12
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of the heartbeat

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13
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electricity flowing through the heart

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14
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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15
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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16
Q

mitral valve

A

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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17
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by imporper closure of heart valves

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18
Q

myocardium

A

muscular, middle layer of the heart

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19
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm originating in sinoatrial node with resting heart rate of 60-100 beats/min

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20
Q

pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

A

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

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21
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

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22
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

artery carrying oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs

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23
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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24
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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25
Q

pulmonary vein

A

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

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26
Q

pulse

A

beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

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27
Q

septum (septa)

A

a partition or wall dividing a cavity, such as that between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles

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28
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

pace maker of heart

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29
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

an instrument to measure BP

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30
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and back

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31
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the heartbeat

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32
Q

tricuspid valve

A

located between the right atrium and right ventricle; has 3 leaflets or cusps

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33
Q

valve

A

structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so blood flows in only one direction

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34
Q

vein

A

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to heart; contains valves to prevent back flow of blood

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35
Q

Vena cava

A

largest vein in the body; superior and inferior vena cava return blood to the right atrium of heart

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36
Q

Ventricle

A

one of two chambers of the heart

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37
Q

venule

A

small vein

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38
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

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39
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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40
Q

arter/o

A

artery

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41
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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42
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque

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43
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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44
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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45
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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46
Q

cholesterol/o

A

cholesterol

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47
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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48
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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49
Q

myx/o

A

mucus

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50
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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51
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

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52
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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53
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

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54
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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55
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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56
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

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57
Q

valv/o

A

valve

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58
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

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59
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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60
Q

ven/o; ven/i

A

vein

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61
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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62
Q

Arrhyrhmias

A
  • heart block
  • flutter
  • fibrillation
63
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A
64
Q

Patent ductus arteriousus (PDA)

A
65
Q

Septal defects (ASD and VSD)

A
66
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A
67
Q

Congestive heart disease (CHF)

A
  • heart unable to pump the required amount of blood
  • primary result of high blood pressure
  • fatal if untreated
68
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart

69
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

fat build up in walls of the arteries

70
Q

ischemia

A

restricted blood flow

71
Q

necrosis

A

tissue death

72
Q

infraction

A

obstruction of blood flow to organ

73
Q

unstable angina

A

chest discomfort or pain caused by an insufficient flow of blood and oxygen to the heart

74
Q

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS)

A

a group of diseases in which blood flow to the heart is decreases

75
Q

Myocardial infraction

A

heart attack

76
Q

Drug therapies

A
  • Nitrates (nitroglycerin)
  • aspirin
  • Beta-blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • statins
77
Q

Surgical therapies for CAD

A
  • coronary arter bypass grafting (CABG)
  • Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
78
Q

Hypertensive heart disease

A
  • changes in the left ventricle, left atrium, and coronary arteries as a result of chronic blood pressure elevation
79
Q

Endocarditis (vegetations)

A

infection along the edges of the heart valves

80
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

heart valve disease in which the flaps (also called leaflets or cusps) of the mitral valve become enlarged or stretched.

81
Q

Murmur

A

a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat. The sound is caused by turbulent (rough) blood flow through the heart valves or near the heart.

82
Q

Pericarditis

A

swelling and irritation of the thin, saclike tissue surrounding the heart (pericardium)

83
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

heart valves permanently damaged by rheumatic fever

84
Q

Aneurysm

A

bulging, weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel resulting in an abnormal

85
Q

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein

86
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher)

87
Q

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

A

systemic disorder that involves the narrowing of peripheral blood vessels

88
Q

Raynaud’s Disease

A

causes some areas of the body — such as fingers and toes — to feel numb and cold in response to cold temperatures or stress

89
Q

Varicose veins

A

swollen, twisted veins that lie just under the skin

90
Q

AAA

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

91
Q

ACLS

A

advanced cardiac life support

92
Q

AED

A

automatic external defibrillation

93
Q

AF, a-fib

A

Atrial fibrillation

94
Q

AICD

A

Automatic implantable cardioverter-defirillation

95
Q

ARVD

A

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

96
Q

ARB

A

angiotensin II receptor blocker

97
Q

AS

A

Aortic stenosis

98
Q

AVR

A

aortic valve replacement

99
Q

BBB

A

Bundle branch block

100
Q

BNP

A

brain natriuretic peptide

101
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

102
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass grafting

103
Q

CCU

A

Coronary Care Unit

104
Q

Cath

A

catheterization

105
Q

CK

A

creatin kinase

106
Q

CoA

A

coarctation of the aorta

107
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

108
Q

CRT

A

cardiac resynchronization therapy

109
Q

DES

A

drug eluting stent

110
Q

DSA

A

digital subtraction angiography

111
Q

ECMO

A

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

112
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiography

113
Q

EF

A

Ejection fraction

114
Q

EPS

A

Electrophysiology study

115
Q

ETT

A

Exercise tolerance test

116
Q

ETT-MIBI

A

Exercise tolerance test combined w/ a radioactive tracer (sestamibi) scan

117
Q

EVAR

A

Endovascular aneurysm repair

118
Q

FFR

A

Fractional flow reserve

119
Q

HDL

A

High-density lipoprotein

120
Q

hsCRP

A

High sensitivity C-reactive protein

121
Q

HTN

A

hypertension (High blood pressure)

122
Q

IABP

A

Intra-aortic ballon pump

123
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

124
Q

IVUS

A

Intravascular ultrasound

125
Q

LAD

A

left anterior descending (coronary artery)

126
Q

LDL

A

Low -density lipoprotein

127
Q

LMWH

A

low-molecular-weight heparin

128
Q

LVAD

A

Left ventricular assist device

129
Q

LVH

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

130
Q

MUGA

A

multiple -gated acquisition scan

131
Q

MVP

A

Mitral Valve prolapse

132
Q

NSR

A

Normal sinus rhythm

133
Q

NSTEMI

A

Non-ST elevation myocardial infraction

134
Q

NT-proBNP

A

N-terminal pro-peptide of BNP

135
Q

PAC

A

Premature atrial contraction

136
Q

PCI

A

Percutaneous coronary intervention

137
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus; posterior descending artery

138
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolus

139
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

140
Q

SCD

A

sudden cardiac death

141
Q

SPECT

A

Single photon emission computed tomography

142
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation myocardial infraction

143
Q

SVT

A

supraventricular tachycardia

144
Q

TAVR

A

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

145
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiography

146
Q

TEVAR

A

thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair

147
Q

TGA

A

transposition of the great arteries

148
Q

tPA

A

tissue-type plasminogen activator

149
Q

UA

A

unstable angina

150
Q

VF

A

ventricular fibillation

151
Q

VSD

A

Ventricular septal defect

152
Q

VT

A

ventricular tachycardia

153
Q

WPW

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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