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Pharmacology > Cholinergic Drugs > Flashcards

Cholinergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the parent compound of all cholinomimetics drugs ?

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

Why is Ach not used clinically

A
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3
Q

What are cholinomimetics and its type

A
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4
Q

The direct acting agonists could be further divided into what

A

Choline esters
Alkaloids

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5
Q

List the direct choline esters cholinomimetics

A
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6
Q

List the direct alkaloids cholinomimetics

A
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7
Q

The indirect cholinomimetics could be divided into what

A

Reversible and irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor

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8
Q

List the reversible cholinesterase indirect cholinomimetics

A
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9
Q

List the irreversible cholinesterase indirect cholinomimetics

A
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10
Q

The mascarinic agonists have pharmacological actions on what

A

Heart (M2)
Blood vessels (M3)
Smooth muscle (M3)
Glands secretion (M2 and M3)
Eye (M3)

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11
Q

What is the pharmacological action of mascarinic agonists on the heart

A
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12
Q

What is the pharmacological action of mascarinic agonists on the blood vessels

A
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13
Q

What is the pharmacological action of mascarinic agonists on the smooth muscles

A
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14
Q

What is the pharmacological action of mascarinic agonists on the glands secretion

A
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15
Q

What is the pharmacological action of mascarinic agonists on the eye

A
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16
Q

What are the examples of mascarinic agonists

A

Choline esters - carbachol, bethanecol
Alkaloids - cevimeline and pilocarpine, muscarine

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17
Q

Explain carbachol

A
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18
Q

What is the use of carbachol

A
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19
Q

Explain bethanecol

A
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20
Q

What are the uses of bethanecol

A
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21
Q

What is a precaution for bethanecol

A
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22
Q

Explain cevimeline and pilocarpine

A
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23
Q

What is cevimeline used for

A
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24
Q

What is pilocarpine used for

A
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25
Q

Explain muscarine

A
26
Q

What are the adverse effects of muscarinic agonists

A
27
Q

The adverse effects of muscarinic agonists could be blocked by what

A

Atropine

28
Q

What are the contraindications for muscarinic agonists

A
29
Q

What are the two nicotinic actions

A
30
Q

Give example of nicotinic agonist

A

Nicotine

31
Q

Explain nicotine

A
32
Q

What is used to help stop smoking

A

Transdermal patches containing nicotine

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti cholinesterase

A
34
Q

What is the pharmacological actions of anti cholinesterase

A
35
Q

What are the two type of agents of anti cholinesterase

A

Lipid soluble agents
Lipid insoluble agents

36
Q

Explain the lipid soluble anti - ChEs

A
37
Q

Explain the lipid insoluble agents

A
38
Q

What is the classification of anti- ChEs

A

Reversible
Irreversible

39
Q

Explain the reversible AChE inhibitors

A
40
Q

Explain physostigmine

A
41
Q

Explain the muscarinic effects of physostigmine

A
42
Q

Explain the nicotinic effects of physostigmine

A
43
Q

Explain the central effects of physostigmine

A
44
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of physostigmine

A
45
Q

Explain neostigmine

A
46
Q

What are the therapeutic uses of neostigmine

A
47
Q

Why is atropine given with neostigmine

A
48
Q

What improves muscle contraction

A
49
Q

Explain pyridostigmine

A
50
Q

Why is pyridostigmine more preferred than neostigmine in the chronic treatment of myasthenia gravis

A
51
Q

Explain edrophonium

A
52
Q

Explain rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine

A
53
Q

What do organophosphate include

A
54
Q

Explain organophosphates

A
55
Q

Explain organophosphate poisoning

A
56
Q

What are the effects of organophosphate poisoning

A
57
Q

How to treat organophosphate poisoning

A

Termination of further exposure to the poison

58
Q

What are the specific antidote for the treatment of organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine
Cholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime)

59
Q

Explain the atropine specific antidote

A
60
Q

Explain the cholinesterase reactivators

A

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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