chemistry igcse

Question 1

how close are the particles in a solid

Answer 1

packed closely

Question 2

how close are the particles in a liquid

Answer 2

still close together but not as packed as the particles in a solid

Question 3

how close are the particles in a gas

Answer 3

far apart

Question 4

how are the particles arranged in a solid

Answer 4

they are in a regular arrangement

Question 5

how are the particles arranged in a liquid

Answer 5

they are in a random arrangement

Question 6

how are the particles arranged in a gas

Answer 6

they are in a random arrangement

Question 7

how do the particles move in a solid

Answer 7

vibrate in a fixed position

Question 8

how do the particles move in a liquid

Answer 8

moves freely but slides over eachother

Question 9

how do the particles move in a gas

Answer 9

move freely and fast

Question 10

can a liquid flow

Answer 10

it can flow

Question 11

can a solid flow

Answer 11

it cannot flow

Question 12

can a gas flow

Answer 12

it can flow

Question 12

is the volume of a solid fixed

Answer 12

yes it is fixed

Question 13

is the volume of a liquid fixed

Answer 13

yes but it takes the shape of a container

Question 13

is the volume of a gas fixed

Answer 13

no it is not fixed

Question 14

is the degree of attraction strong in a solid

Answer 14

yes it is strong

Question 15

is the degree of attraction strong in a liquid

Answer 15

no it is weak

Question 16

is the degree of attraction strong in a gas

Answer 16

no it is very weak

Question 17

The Kinetic Theory explains the properties of matter in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles.

Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature. Nitrogen molecules, Na, Which are spread far apart move in a random manner at high speed.

How does the movement and arrangement of the molecules in a crystal of nitrogen
differ from those in gaseous nitrogen?

Answer 17

The arrangement of the molecules in a crystal nitrogen are in a fixed arrangement meaning that the particles can only vibrate in a fixed position. While the molecules in the gaseous nitrogen is in a random arrangement and the particles move freely and fast.

Question 18

what is the effect of pressure on the volume of a gas

Answer 18

The volume decrease as the pressure is high

Question 18

what is the effect of temperature on the volume of gas

Answer 18

The volume increases because the heat is pushing the particles

Question 19

what is sublimation

Answer 19

conversion of a solid to a gaseous state

Question 20

What happened to the kinetic energy of the particles as sublimation occurred?

Answer 20

increase because they are moving fast

Question 21

what is deposition

Answer 21

conversion of a gas to a solid

Question 21

Did sublimation require an input or an output of energy

Answer 21

The input of energy ( the particles gain energy)

Question 22

What happens to the arrangement of the particles as sublimation occurre

Answer 22

From a fixed, regular arrangement to a random and irregular arrangement.

Question 23

What happened to the proximity between the particles as sublimation occurred

Answer 23

From close together to far apart

Question 24

how strong is the energy of a solid

Answer 24

weak

Question 25

how strong is the energy of a liquid

Answer 25

stronger than solid, medium

Question 26

how does smell reach to the surface

Answer 26

The smell diffuses into the air

Question 27

what is diffusion

Answer 27

the random movement of particles down to a concentration gradient from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 27

What would happen to the smell inside the elevator? Why would this happen

Answer 27

The particles will spread randomly from high concentration area to a lower concentration area. Eventually, it will spread equally around the elevator. This is called equilibrium

Question 28

Will temperature have an effect on the rate of diffusion? What makes you think that

Answer 28

The kinetic energy increase in the particles and they will start moving faster. Thus, the rate of diffusion increases.

Question 29

Why do you think hydrogen is used in airships

Answer 29

It is light (low density) and float

Question 30

What are other examples of elements around you

Answer 30

Oxygen, hydrogen, iron

Question 31

Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. Do you know of other substances that are formed when hydrogen combines with other elements

Answer 31

Hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid

Question 32

what is an element

Answer 32

a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

Question 33

what is a compound

Answer 33

a substance which has 2 or more different atoms chemically bonded

Question 34

what is a mixture

Answer 34

combinations of elements or compounds which can be separated

Question 35

What piece of equipment would be used to determine how long it took for the magnesium to completely react with the hydrochloric acid

Answer 35

a stopwatch

Question 36

which type of equipment measures the mass of an object

Answer 36

a scale

Question 37

the measuring cylinder measures

Answer 37

accurately 1cm^3

Question 37

the volumetric pipette measures

Answer 37

a specific volume only (25-30 on the red line)

Question 38

the burette measures

Answer 38

accurate to 0.15 cm3

Question 39

the volumetric flash measures

Answer 39

a specific volume only (250-300)

Question 39

what is the purpose of paper chromotography

Answer 39

to test if the dye or substance is pure or not

Question 40

why is water a suitable solvent when conducting paper chromatography

Answer 40

the inks are soluble in water

Question 41

why do the spots have to be as small as possible

Answer 41

so that the different colours of the ink won't interfere with one another

Question 42

what is the relationship between the solubility and the distance travelled by an ink through he paper

Answer 42

dyes that are more soluble in water diffuses further through the paper