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chemistry igcse Flashcards

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1
Q

how close are the particles in a solid

A

packed closely

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2
Q

how close are the particles in a liquid

A

still close together but not as packed as the particles in a solid

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3
Q

how close are the particles in a gas

A

far apart

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4
Q

how are the particles arranged in a solid

A

they are in a regular arrangement

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5
Q

how are the particles arranged in a liquid

A

they are in a random arrangement

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6
Q

how are the particles arranged in a gas

A

they are in a random arrangement

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7
Q

how do the particles move in a solid

A

vibrate in a fixed position

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8
Q

how do the particles move in a liquid

A

moves freely but slides over eachother

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9
Q

how do the particles move in a gas

A

move freely and fast

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10
Q

can a liquid flow

A

it can flow

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11
Q

can a solid flow

A

it cannot flow

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12
Q

can a gas flow

A

it can flow

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12
Q

is the volume of a solid fixed

A

yes it is fixed

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13
Q

is the volume of a liquid fixed

A

yes but it takes the shape of a container

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13
Q

is the volume of a gas fixed

A

no it is not fixed

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14
Q

is the degree of attraction strong in a solid

A

yes it is strong

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15
Q

is the degree of attraction strong in a liquid

A

no it is weak

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16
Q

is the degree of attraction strong in a gas

A

no it is very weak

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17
Q

The Kinetic Theory explains the properties of matter in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles.

Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature. Nitrogen molecules, Na, Which are spread far apart move in a random manner at high speed.

How does the movement and arrangement of the molecules in a crystal of nitrogen
differ from those in gaseous nitrogen?

A

The arrangement of the molecules in a crystal nitrogen are in a fixed arrangement meaning that the particles can only vibrate in a fixed position. While the molecules in the gaseous nitrogen is in a random arrangement and the particles move freely and fast.

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18
Q

what is the effect of pressure on the volume of a gas

A

The volume decrease as the pressure is high

18
Q

what is the effect of temperature on the volume of gas

A

The volume increases because the heat is pushing the particles

19
Q

what is sublimation

A

conversion of a solid to a gaseous state

20
Q

What happened to the kinetic energy of the particles as sublimation occurred?

A

increase because they are moving fast

21
Q

what is deposition

A

conversion of a gas to a solid

21
Q

Did sublimation require an input or an output of energy

A

The input of energy ( the particles gain energy)

22
Q

What happens to the arrangement of the particles as sublimation occurre

A

From a fixed, regular arrangement to a random and irregular arrangement.

23
Q

What happened to the proximity between the particles as sublimation occurred

A

From close together to far apart

24
Q

how strong is the energy of a solid

A

weak

25
Q

how strong is the energy of a liquid

A

stronger than solid, medium

26
Q

how does smell reach to the surface

A

The smell diffuses into the air

27
Q

what is diffusion

A

the random movement of particles down to a concentration gradient from a high concentration to a low concentration

27
Q

What would happen to the smell inside the elevator? Why would this happen

A

The particles will spread randomly from high concentration area to a lower concentration area. Eventually, it will spread equally around the elevator. This is called equilibrium

28
Q

Will temperature have an effect on the rate of diffusion? What makes you think that

A

The kinetic energy increase in the particles and they will start moving faster. Thus, the rate of diffusion increases.

29
Q

Why do you think hydrogen is used in airships

A

It is light (low density) and float

30
Q

What are other examples of elements around you

A

Oxygen, hydrogen, iron

31
Q

Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
Do you know of other substances that are formed when hydrogen combines with other elements

A

Hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid

32
Q

what is an element

A

a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance

33
Q

what is a compound

A

a substance which has 2 or more different atoms chemically bonded

34
Q

what is a mixture

A

combinations of elements or compounds which can be separated

35
Q

What piece of equipment would be used to determine how long it took for the magnesium to completely react with the hydrochloric acid

A

a stopwatch

36
Q

which type of equipment measures the mass of an object

A

a scale

37
Q

the measuring cylinder measures

A

accurately 1cm^3

37
Q

the volumetric pipette measures

A

a specific volume only (25-30 on the red line)

38
Q

the burette measures

A

accurate to 0.15 cm3

39
Q

the volumetric flash measures

A

a specific volume only (250-300)

39
Q

what is the purpose of paper chromotography

A

to test if the dye or substance is pure or not

40
Q

why is water a suitable solvent when conducting paper chromatography

A

the inks are soluble in water

41
Q

why do the spots have to be as small as possible

A

so that the different colours of the ink won’t interfere with one another

42
Q

what is the relationship between the solubility and the distance travelled by an ink through he paper

A

dyes that are more soluble in water diffuses further through the paper

science (13 decks)

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