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biology igcse Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the characteristics of living organisms

A

MRS GREN
movement
respiration
sensitivity
growth
reproduction
excretion
nutrition

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2
Q

what is the chemical equation of cellular respiration

A

glucose+oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

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3
Q

define movement

A

the change of place or position caused by an organism

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4
Q

define respiration

A

the chemical reaction in cells that break down to release energy for metabolism

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5
Q

define sensitivity

A

the ability to detect and respond to changed of the environment

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6
Q

define growth

A

the permanent increase in size and dry mass of a living organism

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7
Q

define reproduction

A

the process of making the same kind of organism

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8
Q

define excretion

A

the removal of waste products for metabolic processes

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9
Q

define nutrition

A

taking in materials for energy, growth and development

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10
Q

define species

A

the group of similar living organisms that can breed with one another to produce a fertile

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11
Q

what are the two levels of classification in the binomial system

A

genus + species

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12
Q

A student defined respiration as being the same as breathing. Are they correct? Provide a reason to support your answer.

A

Breathing and respiration are two completely different things but interrelated body processes that assist body organs to function properly 

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13
Q

Humans breathe but bacteria do not. Is it correct to state that bacteria are alive? What makes you think that?

A

Bacteria is not considered a living organism as it does not share all the characteristics of living organisms

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14
Q

What is the energy released in cellular respiration used for?

A

You need energy to grow, move around, to excrete  cell division

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15
Q

Why is it important to say that energy is released, not produced.

A

As energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred 

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16
Q

Why does an increase in the number of cells cause growth?

A

the increase in the number of cells increase the volume and size of an organism

17
Q

Why does the amount of dry mass in an organism cause growth?

A

Dry mass is made up of organic molecules when there is more organic molecules, the dry mass increases 

18
Q

what are the two types of reproduction

A

sexual and asexual

19
Q

How do the two forms of reproduction differ from each other?

A

Sexual is where offsprings are a result of 2 different gametes fusing together. 

Asexual is where offspring are from the same parent 

20
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Metabolism is the term used for chemical reactions that go on inside an organism’s body. 

21
Q

How is metabolism linked to excretion?

A

Metabolic processes toxic products and it is removed from the body through excretion. 

22
Q

This image shows a cow producing faeces. Is this an example of excretion? What makes you think that?

A

No, as faeces is not excretion, it is undigested food, Excretion as the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements. 

23
Q

What is the purpose of nutrition?

A

To give the substances as it needs to release energy 

24
Q

What is the difference between a nutrient and nutrition?

A

Nutrient is a substance you consume and nutrition is the process of taking in and using those substances. 

25
Q

How do plants obtain their nutrients?

A

Photosynthesis

26
Q

How do animals obtain their nutrients?

A

Consumption of organic matter

27
Q

what are they three ways that a plant cells differs to animal cell

A
  • cell wall
    -permanent vacuole
  • chloroplast
28
Q

what is the function of a nucleus

A

contains DNA and controls the activity of the cell

29
Q

what is the function of a mitochondrion

A

carries out respiration

29
Q

what is the function of a ribosome

A

to make protein

29
Q

what is the function of a cell membrane

A

controls the movement of the cell of what goes in and out

30
Q

what is the function of a cytoplasm

A

biochemical reactions occur here

30
Q

what is the function of a vacuole

A

it contains water and ions

31
Q

what is the function of a root hair cell and explain

A

to absorb water and inorganic nutrients
- the long extensions increase the surface area of the cell enabling it to absorb water and nutrients more efficiently

32
Q

what is the function of a ciliated cell and explain

A

the movement of mucus int he trachea and bronchi
- moving mucus
- hair like projection

33
Q

what is the function of a palisade mesophyll cell and explain

A

carries out photosynthesis
- lots of mitochondria and a large surface area to maximise the absorption of light

34
Q

what is the function of a red blood cell and explain

A

to transport oxygen
- contains haemoglobin to bind with oxygen
- no nucleus for more space

35
Q

what is the function of a sperm cell and explain

A

reproduction
- tails to swim
- lots of mitochondria
- has enzymes in the acrosome

36
Q

what is the function of a ovum and explain

A

reproduction
- large cytoplasm with yolk as energy store
- outer layer prevents more than one sperm entering
- fuses witha sperm to form a zygote

science (13 decks)

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