Chemistry

Question 1

The phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is

Answer 1

Hydrophilic on the sides facing the intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid and hydrophobic in the center

Question 2

Compare and contrast nonpolar and polar compounds

Answer 2

nonpolar compounds are electrically balanced, not attracted to negative or positive charges
polar compounds have a positive and negative end. Either ends are attracted to the opposite charges.

Question 3

Differentiate between ionic bonds. covalent, and hydrogen bonds

Answer 3

Ionic bonds send off electrons to another atom
Covalent bonds share electrons
Hydrogen bonds is the attraction specifically between hydrogen atoms carrying positive charges with ones carrying negative charges

Question 4

How many electrons can each of three shells of an atom hold?

Answer 4

shell 1 - two
shell 2 - eight
shell 3 - eighteen

Question 5

what are the main four elements found within the bulk of matter?

Answer 5

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 6

Describe the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Easily used energy source

Question 7

Describe the different kinds of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 8

Describe the main function of lipids

Answer 8

Body insulation, building cell membrane, and provide stored energy

Question 9

Describe the different types of lipids and their functions

Answer 9

Triglycerides - stored energy
Phospholipids - cell membranes, help transport lipids in the blood
Steroids - raw material for synthesis of vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts

Question 10

Describe the function of proteins

Answer 10

body’s basic structural material, provide various functions of the body, such as enzymes and muscle proteins

Question 11

describe four levels of protein structure

Answer 11

primary structure - straight link of amino acids
secondary structure - either a-helices or b-sheets
tertiary structure - composed of a-helices and b-sheets
quaternary structure - composed of four tertiary structures

Question 12

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA

Answer 12

DNA is within the nucleus of the ell, is double helixed, genetic material, and gives instructions to RNA
RNA is within the cytoplasm, single-stranded, carries out the genetic instructions from the DNA in the nucleus

Question 13

Describe the function of ATP and where in a cell is it formed?

Answer 13

ATP provides energy for functions and mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell so that is where ATP is formed

Question 14

what is anabolism?

Answer 14

When atoms or molecules combine to form larger, more complex molecules

Question 15

what is catabolism?

Answer 15

is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.