Chapter 8 Joints

Question 1

define joint or articulation

Answer 1

they allow for movement (when acted on by muscles)

Question 2

explain fibrous joints structure and typical function

Answer 2

made up of collagen; usually provides rigid structure

Question 3

explain cartilaginous joints structure

Answer 3

made up of cartilage

Question 4

explain synovial joints structure

Answer 4

contain synovial fluid inside a synovial cavity

Question 5

what kind of movements do synarthrosis joints allow?

Answer 5

syn - joined together
arthr/o - joint

immovable joints
ex: sutures in skull

Question 6

what kind of movement do amphiarthrosis joints allow?

Answer 6

slight movement

ex: intervertebral discs

Question 7

what kind of movement do diarthrosis joints allow for?

Answer 7

free movement

ex: all synovial joints such as shoulder

Question 8

describe general structure of fibrous joints

Answer 8

fibrous joints are joined by cartilage fibers of CT; no joint cavity; movement is dependent on length of tissue fibers

Question 9

what are three types of common fibrous joints?

Answer 9

sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphosis

Question 10

describe sutures and give examples of where you’d find them

Answer 10

held together by short connective fibers; occur between bones of skull which allow for bone to expand in youth

Question 11

describe syndesmosis fibrous joints and where you’d commonly find them

Answer 11

joints held together by ligaments; occur bone between bone; such as with tibia and fibula join
longer ligaments allow for more movement

Question 12

describe gomphosis fibrous joints and where you’d commonly find them

Answer 12

“peg-in-socket” joint; short fibrous joint that holds a bone inside a socket; occurs in teeth held inside the mandible

Question 13

describe the general structure of cartilaginous joints

Answer 13

articulating bones that are held together by cartilage

Question 14

what are two subtypes of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 14

synchondrosis and symphyses

Question 15

what is a synchondrosis cartilaginous joint and where can you find it?

Answer 15

bone united by hyaline cartilage; occurs at epiphyseal plate in long bones of children

Question 16

what is a symphyses cartilaginous joint and where can you find it?

Answer 16

bones that are united by fibrocartilage; occur between pubic tuberosity of the pelvis (pelvic symphysis)

Question 17

what do synovial joints contain?

Answer 17

articular cartilage; joint cavity; joint capsule; synovial fluid; reinforcing ligaments; nerves and blood vessels
can also contain fatty pads or articular discs and bursae

Question 18

describe the difference between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Answer 18

dorsiflexion points toes up

plantar flexion points toes down

Question 19

describe the difference between inversion and eversion of the foot

Answer 19

inversion - bottom of foot points medially

eversion - bottom of foot points laterally

Question 20

what is the term that gives our thumbs unique movement

Answer 20

opposition

Question 21

describe the difference between elevation and depression of the jaw, or shoulders?

Answer 21

elevation - shrugging shoulders up; closing lower jaw up to the upper jaw
depression - pulling shoulder down; opening jaw

Question 22

protraction and retraction of the mandible?

Answer 22

protraction - jut out jaw

retraction - pull jaw inward

Question 23

what is the term that allows our jaw to move side to side?

Answer 23

excursion

Question 24

describe the movement of plane joints and an example?

Answer 24

gliding movement; intercarpal joints

Question 25

describe the movement of hinge joints and an example?

Answer 25

"door frame hinge" allows for flexion and extension; ex. elbow joints and interphalangeal joints

Question 26

describe the movement of pivot joints and an example?

Answer 26

allows for rotation; ex. radioulnar joints

Question 27

describe the movement of condylar joints and an example?

Answer 27

looks similar to ball and socket joints, but surface is oval and not as deep, allows for smaller range of motion; flexion and extension and adduction and abduction; occurs in metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints

Question 28

describe the movement of saddle joints and an example?

Answer 28

looks like a horse's saddle; allows for adduction and abduction and flexion and extension; can be found in thumb

Question 29

describe the movement of ball-and-socket joints and an example?

Answer 29

allows for flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and rotation; shoulder and hip joints

Question 30

what kind of joint is the tibiofemoral joint and what bones articulate?

Answer 30

hinge joint | femur and tibia

Question 31

what kind of joint is the patellofemoral joint and what bones articulate?

Answer 31

gliding joint | patella and femur

Question 32

what stabilizes joints?

Answer 32

ligaments and tendons

Question 33

what kind of joint is at the hip joint and what bones articulate?

Answer 33

ball and socket | acetabulum of the coxal bone and femur

Question 34

what kind of joint is the shoulder joint and what bones articulate?

Answer 34

ball and socket | scapula (glenoid cavity) and head of humerus

Question 35

what kind of joint is at the elbow and what bones articulate?

Answer 35

hinge joint | humerus and radius and ulna

Question 36

what kind of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint and what bones articulate?

Answer 36

pivot joint | radius and ulna

Question 37

what are cartilage tears?

Answer 37

overuse or damage to articular cartilage of joints or meniscus in knee

Question 38

what does a sprain refer to?

Answer 38

injured ligaments - torn or stretched

Question 39

what does a dislocation refer to?

Answer 39

when bones are forced out of alignment

Question 40

what is bursitis?

Answer 40

inflammation of a bursae

Question 41

what is tendonitis

Answer 41

inflammation of a tendon

Question 42

what is arthritis

Answer 42

degenerative occurrence or inflammation in joints