Chem

Question 1

Bond Polarity

Answer 1

-Determined by electronegativity
-measure of how electrons are shared between atoms in a bond

Question 2

Non polar covalent

Answer 2

-Small
-0-0.4
-Shared equally, no charges

Question 3

Polar covalent

Answer 3

-intermediate
-0.4-2.0
-Shared unequally, partial charges

Question 4

Ionic

Answer 4

-Large
-2+
-Complete transfer, full charges

Question 5

Columbs law

Answer 5

-Like charges repel
-Bigger distance decreases attraction
-Bigger the charge, bigger the force (attraction/repulsion)
-Charges more important

Question 5

Ic vs Ous

Answer 5

-Higher charged ions
vs
-Lower charged ions

Question 6

Periodic table metal trend

Answer 6

Left: Metals
Transition line: Metalloids
Right: Non-Metals

Question 7

Periodic table ionization, affinity, effective nuclear charge trend

Answer 7

-increases moving right, decreases moving down

Question 8

Alaklimetals (first row) reactivity periodic table trend

Answer 8

Increases as you move down

Question 9

Lattice Energy

Answer 9

-Higher = higher melting point
-Higher = more negative, stronger
-Smaller ions can get closer together (less protons), stronger
-Negative = good

Question 10

Ionic vs Covalent bond

Answer 10

• Complete transfer (electrostatic attraction)
  vs
• Sharing (molecules)

Question 11

Bond formation graph

Answer 11

• As 2 atoms get closer together PE goes down
  -Optimal bond distance, PE at min, stable
• Repulsion goes up when atoms overlap too much, E required to break, not stable

Question 12

Resonance

Answer 12

Moving electrons around, not atoms

Question 13

Electronegativity trend

Answer 13

-Increases from bottom left up to top right
-Top right (F) most electronegative
-Noble gases are not

Question 14

Electronegativity defintion

Answer 14

Ability of an atom to attract and hold onto shared electrons in a bond

Question 15

Electronic vs molecular geometries

Answer 15

-Arrangement of all electron pairs, bonding and non bonding (regions of electron density) 5 geometries
vs
-Arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 16

Bond angle distortions

Answer 16

-Lone pairs: decrease
-Double bonds: Increases touching double bond, decreases not touching double bond (takes more space)

Question 17

double bond angles

Answer 17

330 alone- 116 not touching, 122 touching
330 with 2 centrals- 117 not touching

Question 18

Line structure rules

Answer 18

1. Apply octet
2. Apply formal charges
3. Geometries
   -N get lone pairs, C get H

Question 19

Oxoacids

Answer 19

H bonded to O

Question 20

How to find bond length

Answer 20

• add number of bonds in each domain in ONE structure, then divide by the NUMBER of resonance structures