Bio final exam Kaplan slides 1 (LO 1)

Question 1

Cell membrane functions

Answer 1

-Selectively permeable barrier
-Communication w/ cells and environment
-Binding to adjacent cells/surfaces

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

-Cytosol
-Insoluble filaments and particles

Question 2

Cell walls

Answer 2

-Provide support
-Peptidoglycan: bacteria only
-Some have additional membrane outside of peptidoglycan/other

Question 3

Structure in some prokaryotes

Answer 3

-Capsule
-Flagella
-Pili
-Fimbriae
-Cytoskeleton
-Internal membranes

Question 4

Structures in Eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

-Nucleus
-Endoplasmic reticulum (R + S)
-Golgi apparatus
-Mitochondria

Question 5

Structures in all cells

Answer 5

-Type of membrane
-Cytoplasm
-DNA
-Ribosomes

Question 6

Plant vs animal cells

Answer 6

-Plants: cell walls (cellulose), Chloroplasts, Vacuoles, rarely lysosomes, plasmodesmata,

-Animals: Membrane, small vacuoles (if any), Centrioles, lysosomes, cilia/flagella

Question 7

Capsule

Answer 7

-Protection from immune system
-Attachment
-Prevents drying out

Question 8

Flagella

Answer 8

-Movement
-Activates signaling pathways in animal cells

Question 9

Pili

Answer 9

-Movement
-attachment
-Exchange genetic info

Question 10

Fimbrae

Answer 10

-Attachment

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

-Cell division
-Shape

Question 12

Internal membranes

Answer 12

-Photosynthesis
-Contains gas/other particles

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

-Site of protein synthesis
-Made of rRNA and proteins

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

-Cell DNA found
-Nucleolus: Where ribosomes are made

Question 15

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

-ER membrane attached to nuclear envelope
-Hollow portion: Lumen/cisternal space
-Moves materials around
-Surrounds nucleus

Question 16

Rough ER

Answer 16

-Ribosomes make proteins
-Can make modifications to proteins
-Some stay in ER
-Some transported or secreted
-Helps make phospholipids

Question 17

Smooth ER

Answer 17

-Synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, steroid hormones
-Detoxification of molecules
-Storage of calcium
-Breaking down glycogen (animals)

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

-Sorts, packages, and tags lipids and proteins for transport
-Cis: receiving
-Trans: Departure
-Medial: middle

Question 19

Endomembrane system

Answer 19

-Membranes of nucleus, ER, Golgi, attached by vesicles

Question 20

Lysosomes

Answer 20

-Vesicle
-Mostly in animal cells
-Has digestive enzymes
-Break down large biomolecules/organelles

Question 21

Phagosomes

Answer 21

-Formed after phagocytosis (eating dead parts)
-Food/Bacteria/Dead cells make this (just holds it)
-Fuse with lysosomes for digestion
-Some bacteria escape

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

-Breaks down stored energy to ATP
-Has ribosomes and DNA
-Divide independently
-Outer membrane has pores
-Inner membrane is folded (cristae)

Question 23

Plastids

Answer 23

-Plants and algae
-Divide independently
-Can change into other organelles

Question 24

Chloroplasts

Answer 24

-Has ribosomes and DNA
-Contains stacked fluid filled membrane sacks called thylakoids

Question 25

Vacuoles

Answer 25

-Mainly plants and fungi
-Storage of waste
-Can take up most of cell space
-Puts pressure on cell wall
-Pigment storage, reproduction
-Take on water and force out water

Question 26

Centrosome

Answer 26

-Animals
-2 centrioles crossed
-Microtubles originate

Question 27

Plasmodesmata

Answer 27

-Material exchange
-Go through cell wall