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chem and bio > Bio exam 4 ch 11 > Flashcards

Bio exam 4 ch 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

-Prokaryotes: Binary Fission
-Eukaryotes: Mitosis
-Offspring are clones

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2
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

-Eukaryotes: Meiosis
-Offspring are genetically different
-Gametes produced
-Gametes from 2 parents are combined through fertilization to produce zygote

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3
Q

Sexual life cycle

A
  1. Diploid germ cell goes through meiosis, makes haploid gametes
  2. Fusion of haploid gametes makes diploid zygote
  3. Diploid zygote goes through multiple rounds of mitosis, makes diploid multicellular offspring
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4
Q

Germ cell

A

-Reproductive cell
-Diploid
-Gives rise to gametes
-In ovary or testi

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5
Q

Diploid Domniant

A

Animals

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6
Q

Haploid Dominant

A

fungi, algae

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7
Q

Equal diploid and haploid dominant

A

Plants, some algae

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8
Q

Cytokinesis

A

-Cytoplasm is divided
-Animals: pinching of cytoplasm
-Plants: Cell wall forms

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9
Q

Meiosis 1 results

A

-2 haploid cells

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10
Q

S phase

A

-DNA replicates
-2 chromosomes
-4 sister chromatids

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11
Q

Prophase 1

A

-DNA condenses
-Cross over

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12
Q

Prometaphase 1

A

-Attached to spindle
-Nuclear envelope disappears

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13
Q

Metaphase 1

A

-Homologous chromosomes randomly line up as pairs

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14
Q

Anaphase 1

A

-Homologs separate
-Sisters still together

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15
Q

Telephase 1

A

-Nuclear envelope forms between each nuclei
-Cytoplasm divides
-Cytokinesis
-Results in 2 haploid cells

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16
Q

Genetic diversity

A

-Crossing over
-independent assortment during metaphase 1

17
Q

Meiosis II

A

-Sister chromatids are separated
-Same phases
-4 genetically different haploid gametes

18
Q

Mitosis vs Meiosis

A

-Asexual vs sexual
-Single nuclear division vs 2 nuclear divisions
-Doesnt change ploidy (1n to 1n) vs Does change ploidy (2n to 1n)
-No independent assortment vs independent assortment

chem and bio (9 decks)

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