Bio final exam Slides 5 (LO 13-15)

Question 1

Central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 1

-DNA
Transcription
RNA
-RNA processing
Translation
-Polypeptide

Question 2

Prokaryotes- transcription initiation

Answer 2

-Cytoplasm
-Sigma factors bind to promoter
-Helps RNA polymerase bind

Question 3

Eukaryotes- transcription initiation

Answer 3

-Nucleus
-Transcription factors recognize promoter
-RNA polymerase II binds and forms transcription initiation complex

Question 4

Transcription elongation

Answer 4

-RNA polymerase moves along DNA template strand

Question 5

Prokaryotes- Transcription termination

Answer 5

-Can be translated and transcribed at the same time again

Question 6

Eukaryotes- Transcription termination

Answer 6

-RNA processed in the nucleus
-Then transported to cytoplasm

Question 7

RNA processing Eukaryotes

Answer 7

-RNA splicing
-5 cap
-Poly A tail

Question 8

Translation initation

Answer 8

-Small ribosomes attaches to mRNA
-Initiator tRNA attaches to start codon

Question 9

Translation elongation

Answer 9

-Charged tRNA brings amino acid
Peptide transferase makes peptide bond
-tRNA leaves through E site

Question 10

Translation termination

Answer 10

-Stop codon reaches ribosomes A site

Question 11

Silent mutation

Answer 11

-No affect on protein sequence

Question 12

Missense

Answer 12

-Amino acid substitution

Question 13

Nonsense

Answer 13

-Substitutes stop codon

Question 14

Frameshift

Answer 14

-Insertion or deletion of nucleotides