Bio final exam Kaplan slides 5 (LO 5/6/7)

Question 1

Lipid properties

Answer 1

-Insoluable in water
-Van der Waals
-Hydrocarbons
-fats
-phospholipids
-Sterols

Question 2

Lipid roles

Answer 2

-Store energy in bonds
-Structure
-Thermal insulation
-Some hormones

Question 3

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 3

-Rigid and straight
-Packed tightly
-solid at room temp

Question 4

Unsaturated

Answer 4

-Dont pack tightly together
-Monounsaturated = 1 double bond
-Polyunsaturated = 2+ double bonds
-Liquid at room temp

Question 5

Unsaturated and trans fats

Answer 5

-Cis = H on same side (kink), liquid at room temp
-Trans = H on diff sides, solid at room temp

Question 6

Membrane fluidity

Answer 6

-Saturated = membrane becomes less fluid
-Unsaturated = membrane becomes more fluid

Question 7

Membrane proteins

Answer 7

-Move materials through membrane
-Intercellular adhesion
-Receive signals

Question 8

Integral proteins

Answer 8

-Embedded in membrane
-Move substances across the membranes
-Hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Question 9

Peripheral proteins

Answer 9

-Attached to surface
-Support cells shape
-Cell signaling

Question 10

Cholesterol in the membrane

Answer 10

-Warming temps: fluidity decreases
-Colder temps: Fluidity increases (no van Der walls form)

Question 11

Temp in membrane

Answer 11

-Warm temps: more fluid
-Cold temps: less fluid, van der Waals

Question 12

Passive transport

Answer 12

-Does not require direct input of metabolic activity

Question 13

Active transport

Answer 13

-Requires energy
-Movement against gradient

Question 14

Simple diffusion

Answer 14

-Gases
-Small, non polar molecules

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

-Moves substances down their concentration gradients using transmembrane proteins

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

-Diffusion of water across a membrane
-Always moves from higher to lower concentration

Question 17

Osmolarity

Answer 17

-Total solute concentration

Question 18

Primary active transport

Answer 18

-Moves ion/molecule up its concentration using energy

Question 19

Secondary active transport

Answer 19

-Uses the gradient created by primary active transport
-Move a different substance against its gradient

Question 20

Cell entry

Answer 20

-Phagocytosis
-Pinocytosis
-Receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

-Larger particle attaches to cell membrane
-Stimulates it

Question 22

Pinocytosis

Answer 22

-Import of water that has dissolved molecules

Question 23

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 23

-Endosomes can fuse with lysosomes

Question 24

Exocytosis

Answer 24

Material packaged in vesicles are released from cell