Bio exam 4 Ch 12

Question 1

Why garden peas

Answer 1

-Easy to grow and manipulate
-Single plant has male and female gametes
-Can be self fertilized and cross fertilized
-Progeny allows for finding patterns
-Studied clearcut alternate traits

Question 2

True breeding

Answer 2

-All offspring have characteristics with same traits
-Homozygous
-AA aa

Question 3

Monohybrid cross

Answer 3

-Heterozygous for a single train
-Aa

Question 4

Character

Answer 4

-Observable physical feature

Question 5

Trait

Answer 5

-Form of character

Question 6

Law of segregation/Mendels Law

Answer 6

-2 alleles of a gene separate when an individual makes a gamete
-Genes are located on chromosomes
-When homologous chromosomes are separated during meiosis, 2 alleles for a gene separate
-Each haploid gamete receives 1 copy of a gene

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Observable characteristic

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

Genetic makeup

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

Segment of a chromosomes that has genetic info to make a product

Question 10

Allele

Answer 10

Form of a gene

Question 11

Testcross

Answer 11

Crossing homozygous recessive

Question 12

Dihybrid cross

Answer 12

-YyRr x YyRr
-Genetically linked: YR or yy
-Independent: YR,YR, Yr, yr

Question 13

Independent assortment

Answer 13

-Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.
-Doesnt happen when 2 genes are on same chromosome fairly close together

Question 14

P, F1, F2 generations

Answer 14

P= parental
F1= First gen
F2= Second gen

Question 15

Multiplication vs addition rule

Answer 15

-And = multiplication
-Or = addition

Question 16

Pedigree analysis-Autosomal dominant

Answer 16

Every affected person has an affected parent

Question 17

Pedigree analysis- Autosomal recessive

Answer 17

-Skip gens
-Parents can be unaffected
-1/4 of kids of heterozygous parents are affected

Question 18

Co dominance

Answer 18

-2 alleles dominant over another
-Blood type ABO
-A and B over O

Question 19

Incomplete dominance

Answer 19

-Alleles are neither dominant or recessive
-Heterozygotes have an intermediate phenotype

Question 20

Epistasis

Answer 20

-Alleles of one gene masks the affect of others
-Basically recessive turns dominant

Question 21

X linked recessive

Answer 21

-Trait more common in females
-Male can only pass mutations
-Daughters of affected males are heterozygous carriers