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Medsurg 1 > Chapters 16,17,19: Allergy/inflammation/immunity/infections > Flashcards

Chapters 16,17,19: Allergy/inflammation/immunity/infections Flashcards

1
Q

True or false : shock results from decreased perfusion to body organs caused by vasodilation or hypovolemia

A

True

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2
Q

Type 1 Hypersensitivities include:

A

Allergic asthma .
Angioedema.
Atopic dermatitis.
Hay fever.

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3
Q

Other s/sx of Anaphylaxis

A

Dizziness .
Abdominal pain.
Vomiting .

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4
Q

Which type of immunity will a patient acquire after a vaccine?

A

Artificial Active

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5
Q

Which area in the human body are the cells produced that are involved in inflammation and immune response?

A

Bone marrow

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6
Q

what are the primary cells involved in phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophils and
Macrophages

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7
Q

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage?

A

Basophil releases histamine.

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8
Q

Artificial Passive Immunity

A

Medication that contains antibodies (temporary protection).

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9
Q

Natural active immunity:

A

Natural active immunity: Occurs when a person is exposed to a pathogen naturally and their immune system produces its own antibodies (e.g., recovering from an infection).

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10
Q

Natural passive immunity:

A

Natural passive immunity: Acquired naturally, as in the transfer of maternal antibodies to a baby through the placenta or breast milk.

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11
Q

Which antibody level would the nurse expect to be elevated in a patient after an anaphylactic reaction?

A

Immunoglobin E (IgE)

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12
Q

immunoglobulin (Ig) most resposible for preventing infection in Upper and Lower GI/respiratory/GU tract?

A

IgA

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13
Q

which antibodies are specifically involved in allergic reactions and immediate hypersensitivity reactions?

A

IgE

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14
Q

Which type of immunity is the nurse providing the patient when administering a tetanus booster after the patient experiences an injury?

A

Artificial active immunity

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15
Q

which WBC type is active against parasite and allergy response?

A

Eosinophils

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16
Q

when released, histamine causes

A

artery dilation and capillary constriction.

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17
Q

which WBC type is active against viral infection?

A

cytotoxic T cells

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18
Q

cells involved in general inflammation process

A

eosinophils
neutrophils
basophils
macrophages

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19
Q

Non-self cells

A

cancer cells
infected body cells

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20
Q

Which change happens to the immune system as a person ages!

A

Decreased in neutrophil, leukocytes and T-lymphocytes

21
Q

which wbc are highly active during allergic and HYPERSENSITIVITY reactions?

A

basophils

22
Q

Epinephrine is used for anaphylaxis due to:

A

Bronchodilating effects to improve breathing.

And Vasoconstriction effects to raise and maintain BP.

23
Q

IgM

A

Active infection

24
Q

IgG

A

Chronic infection, NOT Active

25
Q

IgD

A

Lymphocyte related

26
Q

IgA

A

Protects body surface/mucous membranes

27
Q

Which blood test result is seen with a diagnosis of mononucleosis?

A

Decreased neutrophil count

28
Q

Which age-related change increases the risk for infection in older adults?

A

-Decreased cough reflex
-Decreased antibody production
-Slowed gastric motility

29
Q

medication to treat community-associated methicillin-resistant staph aureus (CA-MRSA)

A

Minocycline

30
Q

medication to treat hospital-associated methicillin-resistant staph aureus (HA-MRSA)

A

Vancomycin

31
Q

contact precaution - requirements what to wear

A

apply gloves before enter room.

private room.

wear gown.

use transmission base precautions during transportation.

32
Q

chicken pox requires what type of precaution?

A

Airborne

33
Q

Droplet precautions are for:

A

flu

RSV

mumps

meningitis

Pna

Pertussis/ diphtheria

34
Q

intervention to reduce fever.

A

encourage fluid intake.
apply ice packs to the patient’s body.
apply cool compress to skin and pulse points.

35
Q

Which antimicrobial drug acts on the susceptible pathogen by
inhibiting cell wall synthesis?

A

Cefazolin

36
Q

which antimicrobials inhibit reproduction?

A

Erythromycin & Gentamycin.

37
Q

GI symptoms of AIDS

A

Diarrhea and anorexia

38
Q

signs of kidney transplant rejection

A

edema, oliguria (decreased urine), fever.

39
Q

how is kidney transplant rejection diagnosed?

A

a biopsy of the organ is taken.

40
Q

5 signs of inflammation

A

Pain
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Loss of function

41
Q

Bandemia “Left Shift”

A

Indicates and accute & serious bacterial infection.

42
Q

Neutropenia

A

Abnormally low neutrophil count ( less than 1,500).

Puts patient at risk for infection.

*neutropenic patients cannot produce normal immune response due to low neutrophil counts, therefore a low grade fever is important.

43
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low platelet count ( under 150,000).

Puts patients at risk for bleeding.

Cause: bone marrow disorder, autoimmune.

44
Q

Contact precaution

A

C. Diff

MRSA

Scabies , lice

45
Q

Airborne precaution

A

TB
Covid
Measles
Varicella

46
Q

What medication is NOT recommended for C. diff?

A

The use of antidiarrhea like loperamide is prohibited with C. Diff because it can worsen the condition by retaining the toxin inside the GI system (instead of it clearing out thru diarrhea ).

47
Q

Anaphylaxis Treatment

A

First line:
• Epinephrine given IM, every 5 min.

Second line:
• IV Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Others (to follow):
• bronchodilator (albuterol)
• steroids (methylprednisolone/ solu-medrol)
• vasopressors (vasopressin , Phenylephrine)

48
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Process of filtering antibodies in the blood.

49
Q

Pulse Deficit

A

When your heart beats faster than your pulse.

This could indicate atrial fibrillation.

Medsurg 1 (7 decks)

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