Chapters 16,17,19: Allergy/inflammation/immunity/infections Flashcards
True or false : shock results from decreased perfusion to body organs caused by vasodilation or hypovolemia
True
Type 1 Hypersensitivities include:
Allergic asthma .
Angioedema.
Atopic dermatitis.
Hay fever.
Other s/sx of Anaphylaxis
Dizziness .
Abdominal pain.
Vomiting .
Which type of immunity will a patient acquire after a vaccine?
Artificial Active
Which area in the human body are the cells produced that are involved in inflammation and immune response?
Bone marrow
what are the primary cells involved in phagocytosis?
Neutrophils and
Macrophages
Which type of leukocyte releases histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage?
Basophil releases histamine.
Artificial Passive Immunity
Medication that contains antibodies (temporary protection).
Natural active immunity:
Natural active immunity: Occurs when a person is exposed to a pathogen naturally and their immune system produces its own antibodies (e.g., recovering from an infection).
Natural passive immunity:
Natural passive immunity: Acquired naturally, as in the transfer of maternal antibodies to a baby through the placenta or breast milk.
Which antibody level would the nurse expect to be elevated in a patient after an anaphylactic reaction?
Immunoglobin E (IgE)
immunoglobulin (Ig) most resposible for preventing infection in Upper and Lower GI/respiratory/GU tract?
IgA
which antibodies are specifically involved in allergic reactions and immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
IgE
Which type of immunity is the nurse providing the patient when administering a tetanus booster after the patient experiences an injury?
Artificial active immunity
which WBC type is active against parasite and allergy response?
Eosinophils
when released, histamine causes
artery dilation and capillary constriction.
which WBC type is active against viral infection?
cytotoxic T cells
cells involved in general inflammation process
eosinophils
neutrophils
basophils
macrophages
Non-self cells
cancer cells
infected body cells
Which change happens to the immune system as a person ages!
Decreased in neutrophil, leukocytes and T-lymphocytes
which wbc are highly active during allergic and HYPERSENSITIVITY reactions?
basophils
Epinephrine is used for anaphylaxis due to:
Bronchodilating effects to improve breathing.
And Vasoconstriction effects to raise and maintain BP.
IgM
Active infection
IgG
Chronic infection, NOT Active
IgD
Lymphocyte related
IgA
Protects body surface/mucous membranes
Which blood test result is seen with a diagnosis of mononucleosis?
Decreased neutrophil count
Which age-related change increases the risk for infection in older adults?
-Decreased cough reflex
-Decreased antibody production
-Slowed gastric motility
medication to treat community-associated methicillin-resistant staph aureus (CA-MRSA)
Minocycline
medication to treat hospital-associated methicillin-resistant staph aureus (HA-MRSA)
Vancomycin
contact precaution - requirements what to wear
apply gloves before enter room.
private room.
wear gown.
use transmission base precautions during transportation.
chicken pox requires what type of precaution?
Airborne
Droplet precautions are for:
flu
RSV
mumps
meningitis
Pna
Pertussis/ diphtheria
intervention to reduce fever.
encourage fluid intake.
apply ice packs to the patient’s body.
apply cool compress to skin and pulse points.
Which antimicrobial drug acts on the susceptible pathogen by
inhibiting cell wall synthesis?
Cefazolin
which antimicrobials inhibit reproduction?
Erythromycin & Gentamycin.
GI symptoms of AIDS
Diarrhea and anorexia
signs of kidney transplant rejection
edema, oliguria (decreased urine), fever.
how is kidney transplant rejection diagnosed?
a biopsy of the organ is taken.
5 signs of inflammation
Pain
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Loss of function
Bandemia “Left Shift”
Indicates and accute & serious bacterial infection.
Neutropenia
Abnormally low neutrophil count ( less than 1,500).
Puts patient at risk for infection.
*neutropenic patients cannot produce normal immune response due to low neutrophil counts, therefore a low grade fever is important.
Thrombocytopenia
Low platelet count ( under 150,000).
Puts patients at risk for bleeding.
Cause: bone marrow disorder, autoimmune.
Contact precaution
C. Diff
MRSA
Scabies , lice
Airborne precaution
TB
Covid
Measles
Varicella
What medication is NOT recommended for C. diff?
The use of antidiarrhea like loperamide is prohibited with C. Diff because it can worsen the condition by retaining the toxin inside the GI system (instead of it clearing out thru diarrhea ).
Anaphylaxis Treatment
First line:
• Epinephrine given IM, every 5 min.
Second line:
• IV Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Others (to follow):
• bronchodilator (albuterol)
• steroids (methylprednisolone/ solu-medrol)
• vasopressors (vasopressin , Phenylephrine)
Plasmapheresis
Process of filtering antibodies in the blood.
Pulse Deficit
When your heart beats faster than your pulse.
This could indicate atrial fibrillation.
