Chapters 16,17,19: Allergy/inflammation/immunity/infections

Question 1

True or false : shock results from decreased perfusion to body organs caused by vasodilation or hypovolemia

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Type 1 Hypersensitivities include:

Answer 2

Allergic asthma .
Angioedema.
Atopic dermatitis.
Hay fever.

Question 3

Other s/sx of Anaphylaxis

Answer 3

Dizziness .
Abdominal pain.
Vomiting .

Question 4

Which type of immunity will a patient acquire after a vaccine?

Answer 4

Artificial Active

Question 5

Which area in the human body are the cells produced that are involved in inflammation and immune response?

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

what are the primary cells involved in phagocytosis?

Answer 6

Neutrophils and
Macrophages

Question 7

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage?

Answer 7

Basophil releases histamine.

Question 8

Artificial Passive Immunity

Answer 8

Medication that contains antibodies (temporary protection).

Question 9

Natural active immunity:

Answer 9

Natural active immunity: Occurs when a person is exposed to a pathogen naturally and their immune system produces its own antibodies (e.g., recovering from an infection).

Question 10

Natural passive immunity:

Answer 10

Natural passive immunity: Acquired naturally, as in the transfer of maternal antibodies to a baby through the placenta or breast milk.

Question 11

Which antibody level would the nurse expect to be elevated in a patient after an anaphylactic reaction?

Answer 11

Immunoglobin E (IgE)

Question 12

immunoglobulin (Ig) most resposible for preventing infection in Upper and Lower GI/respiratory/GU tract?

Answer 12

IgA

Question 13

which antibodies are specifically involved in allergic reactions and immediate hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 13

IgE

Question 14

Which type of immunity is the nurse providing the patient when administering a tetanus booster after the patient experiences an injury?

Answer 14

Artificial active immunity

Question 15

which WBC type is active against parasite and allergy response?

Answer 15

Eosinophils

Question 16

when released, histamine causes

Answer 16

artery dilation and capillary constriction.

Question 17

which WBC type is active against viral infection?

Answer 17

cytotoxic T cells

Question 18

cells involved in general inflammation process

Answer 18

eosinophils
neutrophils
basophils
macrophages

Question 19

Non-self cells

Answer 19

cancer cells
infected body cells

Question 20

Which change happens to the immune system as a person ages!

Answer 20

Decreased in neutrophil, leukocytes and T-lymphocytes

Question 21

which wbc are highly active during allergic and HYPERSENSITIVITY reactions?

Answer 21

basophils

Question 22

Epinephrine is used for anaphylaxis due to:

Answer 22

Bronchodilating effects to improve breathing.

And Vasoconstriction effects to raise and maintain BP.

Question 23

IgM

Answer 23

Active infection

Question 24

IgG

Answer 24

Chronic infection, NOT Active

Question 25

IgD

Answer 25

Lymphocyte related

Question 26

IgA

Answer 26

Protects body surface/mucous membranes

Question 27

Which blood test result is seen with a diagnosis of mononucleosis?

Answer 27

Decreased neutrophil count

Question 28

Which age-related change increases the risk for infection in older adults?

Answer 28

-Decreased cough reflex -Decreased antibody production -Slowed gastric motility

Question 29

medication to treat community-associated methicillin-resistant staph aureus (CA-MRSA)

Answer 29

Minocycline

Question 30

medication to treat hospital-associated methicillin-resistant staph aureus (HA-MRSA)

Answer 30

Vancomycin

Question 31

contact precaution - requirements what to wear

Answer 31

apply gloves before enter room. private room. wear gown. use transmission base precautions during transportation.

Question 32

chicken pox requires what type of precaution?

Answer 32

Airborne

Question 33

Droplet precautions are for:

Answer 33

flu RSV mumps meningitis Pna Pertussis/ diphtheria

Question 34

intervention to reduce fever.

Answer 34

encourage fluid intake. apply ice packs to the patient's body. apply cool compress to skin and pulse points.

Question 35

Which antimicrobial drug acts on the susceptible pathogen by inhibiting cell wall synthesis?

Answer 35

Cefazolin

Question 36

which antimicrobials inhibit reproduction?

Answer 36

Erythromycin & Gentamycin.

Question 37

GI symptoms of AIDS

Answer 37

Diarrhea and anorexia

Question 38

signs of kidney transplant rejection

Answer 38

edema, oliguria (decreased urine), fever.

Question 39

how is kidney transplant rejection diagnosed?

Answer 39

a biopsy of the organ is taken.

Question 40

5 signs of inflammation

Answer 40

Pain Heat Redness Swelling Loss of function

Question 41

Bandemia “Left Shift”

Answer 41

Indicates and accute & serious bacterial infection.

Question 42

Neutropenia

Answer 42

Abnormally low neutrophil count ( less than 1,500). Puts patient at risk for infection. *neutropenic patients cannot produce normal immune response due to low neutrophil counts, therefore a low grade fever is important.

Question 43

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 43

Low platelet count ( under 150,000). Puts patients at risk for bleeding. Cause: bone marrow disorder, autoimmune.

Question 44

Contact precaution

Answer 44

C. Diff MRSA Scabies , lice

Question 45

Airborne precaution

Answer 45

TB Covid Measles Varicella

Question 46

What medication is NOT recommended for C. diff?

Answer 46

The use of antidiarrhea like loperamide is prohibited with C. Diff because it can worsen the condition by retaining the toxin inside the GI system (instead of it clearing out thru diarrhea ).

Question 47

Anaphylaxis Treatment

Answer 47

First line: • Epinephrine given IM, every 5 min. Second line: • IV Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Others (to follow): • bronchodilator (albuterol) • steroids (methylprednisolone/ solu-medrol) • vasopressors (vasopressin , Phenylephrine)

Question 48

Plasmapheresis

Answer 48

Process of filtering antibodies in the blood.

Question 49

Pulse Deficit

Answer 49

When your heart beats faster than your pulse. This could indicate atrial fibrillation.