Chapter 57: Renal/Urinary System Flashcards
Specific gravity
Measures the concentration of solutes in the urine.
Normal range 1.005 - 1.030
Serum creatinine
Measures by product of muscle/ protein breakdown.
Increase in creatinine means kidney failure.
Normal creatinine 0.7 - 1.2
BUN
Measures the protein breakdown in liver.
Normal BUN 7 - 30
GFR
Measures filtration level by the Glomerulus.
Normal GFR 125/ min
Abd/ Renal CT
Best for detecting swelling and stones
Ultrasound
Best for showing overall kidney, cysts, tumors and infections
Determining kidney failure by lab value
- presence of glucose / protein in blood
- increase in creatinine in blood
These all could mean kidney is failing and not properly working.
Serum osmolality
Measure of dissolved particles in the blood.
Normal range 280-290
Increase in serum osmolality
Means too much concentration of particles in the blood (hemoconcentrated) which is a sign of dehydration.
Diffusion
Higher to Lower
Osmosis
Lower to Higher
2 medications that block the RAAS system in order to decrease fluid load
Ace inhibitor & Aarbs medication
(Both anti hypertensive meds)
2 mechanisms of the body to fix LOW BP and HYPOPERFUSION
• ADH (anti diuretic hormone) makes kidneys reabsorp and hold on to water, causing vasoconstriction.
• RAAS SYSTEM increases BP by sodium and water retention.
Symptoms of Fluid Excess
High BP, distended jugular vein, increased demand for breathing, crackles in lungs, putting edema, weight gain, impaired LOC, polyguria.
Causes: kidney failure, SIADH
Symptoms of Fluid Deficit
Hypotension, tachy, weak pulse, flat jugular vein, dry mucuous membranes, impaired LOC, dark concentrated urine, oliguria
Causes: GI loss, bleeding, burns, extreme fever/sweats