Chapter 57: Renal/Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Specific gravity

A

Measures the concentration of solutes in the urine.

Normal range 1.005 - 1.030

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2
Q

Serum creatinine

A

Measures by product of muscle/ protein breakdown.

Increase in creatinine means kidney failure.

Normal creatinine 0.7 - 1.2

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3
Q

BUN

A

Measures the protein breakdown in liver.

Normal BUN 7 - 30

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4
Q

GFR

A

Measures filtration level by the Glomerulus.

Normal GFR 125/ min

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5
Q

Abd/ Renal CT

A

Best for detecting swelling and stones

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6
Q

Ultrasound

A

Best for showing overall kidney, cysts, tumors and infections

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7
Q

Determining kidney failure by lab value

A
  • presence of glucose / protein in blood
  • increase in creatinine in blood

These all could mean kidney is failing and not properly working.

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8
Q

Serum osmolality

A

Measure of dissolved particles in the blood.

Normal range 280-290

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9
Q

Increase in serum osmolality

A

Means too much concentration of particles in the blood (hemoconcentrated) which is a sign of dehydration.

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

Higher to Lower

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11
Q

Osmosis

A

Lower to Higher

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12
Q

2 medications that block the RAAS system in order to decrease fluid load

A

Ace inhibitor & Aarbs medication
(Both anti hypertensive meds)

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13
Q

2 mechanisms of the body to fix LOW BP and HYPOPERFUSION

A

• ADH (anti diuretic hormone) makes kidneys reabsorp and hold on to water, causing vasoconstriction.

• RAAS SYSTEM increases BP by sodium and water retention.

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14
Q

Symptoms of Fluid Excess

A

High BP, distended jugular vein, increased demand for breathing, crackles in lungs, putting edema, weight gain, impaired LOC, polyguria.

Causes: kidney failure, SIADH

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15
Q

Symptoms of Fluid Deficit

A

Hypotension, tachy, weak pulse, flat jugular vein, dry mucuous membranes, impaired LOC, dark concentrated urine, oliguria

Causes: GI loss, bleeding, burns, extreme fever/sweats

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16
Q

Both Fluid Volume Deficit & Excess have these same symptoms:

A

Both can experience :

Tachycardia
Impaired in mental status