chapter 18: Cancer / HIV

Question 1

when bone marrow activity and white blood cell counts are at their lowest levels after chemotherapy, this is called ____

Answer 1

Nadir

Question 2

Which class of medications treats chemotherapy-induced nausea
and vomiting?

Diuretics

Corticosteroids

Bisphosphonates

Serotonin antagonists

Answer 2

Serotonin antagonists

Question 3

cancer-related cachexia.

Answer 3

Extreme body wasting and malnutrition

Question 4

signs related to thrombocytopenia that needs to be reported to MD.

Answer 4

bruises.
petechiae.
epistaxis.

Question 5

sx of tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 5

muscle weakness.
vomiting.
Cloudy urine

Question 6

s/sx of hypercalcemia

Answer 6

irregular heart rate.

skeletal pain.

increased urine output.

Question 7

sx of spinal cord compression

Answer 7

back pain.
heavy legs.
hand numbness and inability to distinguish hot or cold.

Question 8

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

Answer 8

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) is a condition that occurs when the superior vena cava, a major vein carrying blood from the upper body to the heart, becomes obstructed or compressed. This obstruction leads to a collection of symptoms primarily affecting the upper body.

Question 9

sx of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome.

Answer 9

Swelling of the face, neck, arms, and upper chest.

Shortness of breath (dyspnea)

Coughing

Chest pain

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

Question 10

ondansetron adverse effect

Answer 10

prolong QT interval.
NOT for those with low potassium and magnesium.

Question 11

first line of treatment for hypercalcemia

Answer 11

aggressive IV normal saline administration.

Question 12

definition of Lymphoma

Answer 12

malignancy of the lymphatic system.

Question 13

factors that increase risk for lymphoma?

Answer 13

AIDS.

history of kidney transplant

Question 14

diagnosis of lymphoma

Answer 14

presence of Reed-Sternberg cells by biopsy

Question 15

Sarcoma

Answer 15

Cancer in the bones and connective tissues

Question 16

Carcinoma

Answer 16

Cancer in the skin and body cavity

Question 17

TNM

Answer 17

describes extent of cancers

Question 18

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Answer 18

An emergency due to the rapid breakdown of cancer cells (due to chemo or radiation), leading to the release of large amounts of potassium & phosphate into the bloodstream.

The rapid release of K and P can injury the kidneys and also cause cardiac arrhythmia

Question 19

Nadir Period

Answer 19

When WBCs and Platelets are at their lowest levels, poses a risk for infection.

Question 20

3 stages of HIV

Answer 20

Stage 1: onset of acute infection after initial virus invasion with Flu like symptoms.

Stage 2: (latency) can last for many years with few or no symptoms at all. Virus is active but reproduces at low levels. Can be transmitted.

Stage 3: progression of HIV to AIDS when CD4 count falls below 200. Immune system is severely weakened.

Question 21

What is the goal of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)?

Answer 21

To reduce viral load of HIV

Question 22

Pneumocystic Jirovecii Pna (pcp)

Answer 22

fungal lung infection when immunocompromised.

Question 23

Karposi Sarcoma

Answer 23

A cancer that originates from lining of blood and lymph vessels, occurring mostly with people who have HIV/Aids.

Reddish, purplish, brown lesions appear in the skin.

Question 24

What is the precaution taken with HIV/ AIDS?

Answer 24

Standard precaution

Question 25

Labs affected by tumor lysis syndrome

Answer 25

Increase potassium, phosphate & urine acid.

Decrease calcium levels.