Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards
Flashcards to study chapters 1 and 2 with
Who are examples of Mesoamerican civilizations and where are they found?
The Inca in Peru, the Maya in Central America, the Aztec in Mexico
Known part of Mississippian culture?
They built huge earthen mounds.
Known info about Pueblo peoples?
-Got into war with Onate (Acoma War)
-Popé’s rebellion (1680): Indigenous people rebelled, destroying every Catholic Church in the province of NM, killing hundreds and driving out settlers (This is also called the Pueblo Revolt) (RESISTANCE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE— KEEP IN MIND)
Known about the Norse?
The Norse first landed in Greenland (Eric the Red) then Newfoundland (Vinland) around 1000 AD (Leif Ericson) Vikings may have journey up the Penobscot (no proof tho)
Info about Pizarro?
-Traveled to Peru and South America.
-Francisco Pizarro invaded the Inca Empire in 1532.
-Enslaving a lot of the population to work in the silver mines
Info about Cortes?
-Traveled to Central America and the Caribbean.
-Hernano Cortes landed near Veracruz, Mexico, and marched on Tenochtitlan.
-Welcomed by Moctezuma in 1519 bc it was believed that Cortes was Quetzalcoatl, an Aztec god.
-Held Moctezuma hostage and demanded gold.
-During the (noche triste- sad night) the Aztecs drove the Spanish out of the city, but the Spanish retaliated and laid siege to the city for over a year, and captured it in August 1521.
Info about Moctezuma?
Moctezuma was the Aztec ruler. He welcomed Cortes into the land as it was believed that Cortes was Quetzalcoatl, an Aztec god. Cortes held Moctezuma hostage and demanded gold
Info about Columbus?
-Traveled to the Caribbean.
-Columbus wanted to reach the Far East and find a lot of gold- he failed at both lol
-The columbian exchange
Info about Juan de Onate?
-Traveled to the Rio Grande Valley, starting the Acoma War with the Pueblo peoples in 1599.
-New mexico was founded in 1609, juan de Oñate was made governor
-(the Spanish proclaimed the province of New Mexico after the battle of Acoma (1599). All male survivor was enslaved and had his left foot severed. The women were sent away
-(Oñates’s Mission Foot- the statue was damaged by vandals in 1998. Oñates’ right foot was cut off. (revenge lol)
Info about Elizabeth I?
Elizabeth I became Queen of England in 1558. Rivalry with Spain then intensified bc Protestant English clashed with Catholic Spain
Info about Francis Drake?
English buccaneers such as Francis Drake seized Spanish treasure ships.
Info about Sir Walter Raleigh?
-owned (?) the Roanoke Colony that was established by John White and 116 settlers in 1585.
-Raleigh never visited the colony (He spent most of the time looking for El Dorado and was executed in 1618 to appease the Spanish)
Info about John White?
-Sir Walter Raleigh’s Roanoke Colony was established by John White and 116 settlers in 1585. -White left for England to get supplies and wasn’t able to return until 1590.
-The colony vanished. Perhaps the people were adorned into the nearby Croatoan tribe.
Info about Philip II?
-King Phillip II (Spanish king) decided to attack England with his “Invincible Armada” (1588). The Armada was defeated.
-English fire ships and a storm took out about 50 of 130 Spanish ships.
-This marked the beginning of the end of Spain’s empire (since the Spanish fleet was crippled).
-The English emerged as the major world power, unified under Elizabeth and filled with a sense of nationalism.
Info about John Smith?
-Smith came to the Jamestown colony, prodding the men into farming (not without their protest), led trading expeditions, and created maps.
-There was no romantic relationship with Pocahontas.
-Smith left the colony in 1609 due to a powder burn that he had received. (Some think he was a victim of attempted murder.)
Info about John Rolfe?
-Married Pochantos, ending the First Anglo-Powhatan war.
-Introducted tobacco to the colony. Tobacco saved the colony, the demand became strong as it was quickly popular in Europe.
-John Rolfe was killed by the Powhatan in 1622, when a series of attacks occured. The massacre, led by Opechancanough, Powhatan’s younger brother, resulted in the deaths of around ⅓ of the Jamestown settlers.
Info on Lord De La Warr?
-following “the starving time”, Lord de la Warr, the new Virginia governor, brought new settlers to VA and employed a harsh military regime.
-His “Irish tactics’’ included raiding Powhatan villages, confiscating provisions, and torching cornfields.
-This started the First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614)
Info about Powhatan?
-Lord de la Warr started raiding Powhatan villages, confiscating provisions, and torching cornfields. This started the First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614)
-They killed John Rolfe in 1622, when a series of attacks occured. The massacre, led by Opechancanough, Powhatan’s younger brother, resulted in the deaths of around ⅓ of the Jamestown settlers.
-The Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644-46) resulted in a treaty that banished the Powhatan people from areas of white settlement.
-Powhatan’s Confederacy fell victim to disease, disorgination, and disposability (The English saw no economic benefit to keeping the people alive).
-By 1685, the English considered Powhatan peoples to be extinct.
Info on Opechancanough?
-Powhatan’s younger brother
-led a massacre as he didn’t like the Europeans as much as he did. The massacre resulted in the deaths of around ⅓ of the Jamestown settlers.
Info on Pocahontas?
-John Smith and Pocahontas didn’t have a romantic relationship.
-The First Anglo-Powhatan war ended when Pocahontas married John Rolfe after a year in English captivity.
Info on James I?
-James I hated tobacco, even going as far as to revoke the charter of the VA company in 1624, making VA a royal colony. –Puritans were persecuted in England under James I
Info on Charles II?
-Charles II took colonization seriously and reigned in many of the clones under royal power. Royal colonies were under the direct supervision of the monarch.
-Gave a charter was given to the Lords Proprietors (8 of King Charles II favorites)
Info on Lord Baltimore?
-Maryland was established by Lord Baltimore (whose father had been a member of Charles I’s government.)
Info on Lords Proprietors?
-A charter was given to the Lords Proprietors (8 of King Charles II favorites)
Info on James Oglethorpe?
-founder of Carolina
-envisioned a haven for debtors; protection for the northern colonies; production of silk and wine, respect for Indigenous people, and enslaved labor (Most of this plan failed)