Chapter 5 Flashcards
J. Hector St. Jean
Frenchman Michel-Guillaume “Hector” Saint- Jean de Crèvecoeur became an American citizen in NY.
He became a farmer, married an American woman and fathered 3 children.
St. John (his “American” name) wrote in Letters from an American Farmer that one sees in America a “strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country.”
Info about German immigrants?
-fled from religious persecution, economic oppression, and war
No loyalty to the British crown, retained German language and customs
They’re protestant (Lutheran)
Settled mainly in PA
Info about Scots-Irish immigrants?
-Scots lowlanders who had moved to Ireland where their religion (Presbyterianism) that clashed with Catholic Irish.
They weren’t afraid to confront Natives as they pushed west and were known for squatting illegally on the land in crude cabins.
Settled along the “great wagon road” along the appalachians from PA to GA.
(extra) an example of friction between PA colonists and Lanaepe people: The Lanape agreed to a walking treaty (how much they could WALK in a day) , but William Penn’s people hired 3 men to RUN to the desired route and took 65 miles— 750,000 acres!
Paxton Boys
-the scots-Irish led the Paxton Boys march (philadelphia, 1764): protesters were upset about PA’s lenient policy on Native people in the aftermath of the French and Indian war and Pontiac’s Rebellion.
The Paxton Boys killed 20 Susquehannock people in the Conestoga massacre. Ben Franklin talked them down by promising their grievances would be considered by the legislature
Similar to Bacon’s Rebellion?
George Whitefield
George Whitefield was an itinerant English parson; his message was one of human omnipotence. He was an electrifying speaker whose sermons were full of theatrics. People attending felt instantly saved.
Those who followed Whitefield’s model were called “new lights” (revivalists)
Jonathan Edwards
Jonathan Edwards said it was a folly to believe in salvation through good works, advocating complete dependence on God’s grace. The influcence of the Englisghtemnet can be seen in his work. Wrotethe sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” and said “hell is paved with the skulls of unbaptized children)
Phillis Wheatley
Phillis Wheatley, an enslaved woman who lived in Boston, because famous for poetry She was a child prodigy, gaining acclaim throughout England and the American colonies in her teen years. She has been called the “mother of African American literature” and “poet laureate of the American Revolution”
Regulator Movement
In NC (1765-71) the small but nasty insurrection was led by the Scots-Irish against corruption in the colonus affairs and high taxes. (It was unsuccessful but is a precursor to the American Revolution.)
Stono Revolt
(1739): enslaved people from SC tired to march to Spanish FL but were stopped by the local militia after burning 7 plantation and killing about 45 white people
“ringshout”
The “ringshout” came from west Africa. Performers shuffled in a circle while participating in call-and-response.
Triangular Trade
-triangular trade: a small part of colonial trade, in which enslaved people from africa grew the sugar in the caribbean that was shipped to new England to make molasses and rum, which was then shipped back to Africa to buy more enslaved people
-British officials vetoed all colonial efforts to stem the transatlantic trade bc the wanted to preserve their profits! (jefferson attacked this in the og draft of the Dec of Ind)
In 1807, the Slave Trade Act outlawed the trade in the British Empire, this was the same year afreed upon by our founders.
The Great Awakening
Two churches that were tax-supported (established)- Anglican (GA< NC< SC, VA< MCD, part of NY)
Congregation (N england but not RI)
There was more religious toleration in american than abroad
About 74% of americans were members of a church
THE great Awakening began in Northampton, MA in the 1730s. The goal was to breathe new life into religion and increase the level of religiosity of the people
It emphasized spoken word not written
It reached out to board social bases (natives, slaves, servants, etc)
Jonathan Edwards said it was a folly to believe in salvation through good works, advocating complete dependence on God’s grace. The influcence of the Englisghtemnet can be seen in his work. Wrotethe sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” and said “hell is paved with the skulls of unbaptized children)
George Whitefield was an itinerant English parson; his message was one of human omnipotence. He was an electrifying speaker whose sermons were full of theatrics. People attending felt instantly saved.
Those who followed Whitefield’s model were called “new lights” (revivalists)
EFFECTS OF THE GREAT AWAKENING
-undermining of the older clergy (old lights) due to new emotive spirituality
-new sects emerged (Baptist, Methodist)
-missionary work among native and enslaved people
“New light” centers of learning (Princeton, dartmouth, etc)
-first mass movement involving the american people
Zenger Trial
-newspaper editor John Peter Zenger was accused of “seditious libel” against the royal Gov. of NY.
The jury found Zenger not guilty; they were swayed by Andrew Hamiltion’s argument that Zenger only printed material backed with factual evidence.
Significance: freedom of the press established (1735)
