Chapters 1-6 Names To Know

Question 0

Harriet martineau

Answer 0

One of the earliest observers of American society, a British citizen. Wrote “society in America” also wrote how to “observe morals and manners”

Question 1

Auguste Comte

Answer 1

Created the term “sociology” and founded positivism, a belief that scientific observation is the highest form of knowledge.

Question 2

Emile Durkheim

Answer 2

Founder of functionalism, created famous theories on why suicide occurs.

Question 3

C. Wright mills

Answer 3

Wrote the Sociological Imagination which defines as the ability to see the societal patterns that influence the individuals actions and groups actions.

Question 4

Alexis de Tocqueville

Answer 4

Wrote “democracy in America”French, traveled to the US and concluded the tyranny of kings had been replaced by the tyranny of the majority. He thought Americans had little independence. They were anxious about social positions.

Question 5

W.E.B. Du Bois

Answer 5

Cofounder of NAACP (national association for the advancement of colored people). First PhD ever awarded to a Black person from Harvard University. Wrote “The Philadelphia Negro”

Question 6

Jane Adams

Answer 6

Nobel peace prize winner, worked with the Chicago school and helped disadvantaged people.

Question 7

Karl Marx

Answer 7

Founder of conflict theory

Question 8

Fried rich Engals

Answer 8

Marxs lesser know partner

Question 9

Edward Sapir

Answer 9

Creator of the Sapir-Whorf theory high essentially states that a persons reality is created by the language they speak. Like a lens

Question 10

Charles Darwin

Answer 10

Early innovator and creator of the survival of the fittest concept

Question 11

Max Weber

Answer 11

Studied under Marx and expanded upon Marx’s work. Came up with the three dimensions of society:

1. Political institutions
2. Economic institutions
3. Cultural institutions

Question 12

Muzafer Sherif

Answer 12

Created the robbers cave social experiment based on group and competitive dynamics.

Question 13

Sigmund Freud

Answer 13

Creator of the psychoanalytical perspective model and the id, ego, and superego iceberg concept.

Question 14

George Herbert Mead

Answer 14

A Chicago school theorist, stated that social roles are the basis of all social interaction. Taking the role of the other, came up with stages of development: imitation stage, play stage, game stage.

Question 15

Charles Horton Cooley

Answer 15

Chicago school theorist, worked with mead. Came up with the concept of looking glass self.

1. How we think we appear to others
2. How we think others judge us
3. How we feel about the first two

Question 16

Georg W.F. Hegal

Answer 16

A German philosopher whom Marx based his original work upon. An idealist philosopher who theorized that ideas were the basis of human reality. What we think is our reality.
Came up with the dialectic process of social progress.

Question 17

W.I. Thomas

Answer 17

Creator of the in group vs out group theory.

Question 18

Erving Goffman

Answer 18

Described coercive organizations as total institutions. Such as prisons.

Question 19

Stanley Milgram

Answer 19

Created the famous learner/teacher shock experiment. He was measuring the limits of social pressure.

Question 20

Philip Zimbardo

Answer 20

Creator of the Stanford prison experiment that revealed role fulfilling tendencies and dissociation.

Question 21

George Ritzer

Answer 21

Theorized that the problems with bureaucracy can have effects on the total society, coined Mcdonaldization. Ritzer noticed that the characterizations of fast food restaurants are starting to bleed into society.

Question 22

Ida B. Wells Barnett

Answer 22

Barnett lead a campaign against the lynching of African American people, her earlier work is lesser known.

Question 23

Robert Merton

Answer 23

Creator of the Manifest (intended) and latent (unintended) functions.

Question 24

Carol Gilligan

Answer 24

Author of “in a different voice” prevalent gender studies.

Question 25

Robert Putnam

Answer 25

Wrote “bowling alone”
Pointed out the decline in civic engagement. (Participation in voluntary organizations, religious activities, and other forms of public life.

Question 26

Solomon Ashe

Answer 26

Created the conformity experiment with the line.

Question 27

Cecilia Ridgeway

Answer 27

Wrote “framed by gender”
Thought that gender was a system of social practices.

Did experiment on women’s advancement