Chapter 10

Question 0

Laissez-faire racism

Answer 0

Maintaining the status quo of racial groups by persistent stereotyping and blaming of minorities themselves for achievement and socioeconomic gaps between groups.

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

The negative evaluation of a social group based upon conceptions of that group, that are false.

Question 2

Stereotype interchangeability

Answer 2

The principle that negative sterotypes are often interchangeable from one racial group (or gender or social class) to another.

Question 3

Scapegoat theory

Answer 3

Argument that dominant group aggression is directed toward a minority a minority as a substitute for frustration with some other problem.

Question 4

Institutional racism

Answer 4

Racism involving notions of racial or ethnic inferiority that have become ingrained into society’s institutions.

Question 5

White privilege

Answer 5

The ability for Whites to maintain an elevated status in society that masks racial inequality.

Question 6

Minority group

Answer 6

Any distinct group in society that shares common group characteristics and is forced to occupy low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination.

Question 7

Ethnic group

Answer 7

A social category who share a common culture.

Question 8

Hypersegragation

Answer 8

A pattern of extreme racial, ethnic, and/or social class residential segregation, such that nearly all individuals in an area are one of one such group.

Question 9

Digital racial divide

Answer 9

Pattern whereby Blacks and Hispanics are on average less likely than whites to use digital modes of communication and information, particularly the internet.

Question 10

Discrimination

Answer 10

Overt negative and unequal treatment of the members of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that group or stratum.

Question 11

Affirmative action

Answer 11

A method for opening opportunities to women and minorities that specifically redressed past discrimination by taking positive measures to recruit and hire previously disadvantaged groups.

Question 12

Anti-smitism

Answer 12

Anti Jew

Question 13

Assimilation

Answer 13

Process by which a minority becomes socially economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society

Question 14

Authoritarian personality

Answer 14

A personality characterized by a tendency to rigidly categorize people and to submit to authority, rigidly conform, and be intolerant of ambiguity.

Question 15

Aversive racism

Answer 15

Subtle, nonovert, and nonobvious racism

Question 16

Caste system

Answer 16

A system of stratification (characterized by low social mobility) in which ones place in the stratification system is determined by birth.

Question 17

Color-blind racism

Answer 17

Ignoring legitimate racial, ethnic, and cultural differences between groups, thus denying the reality of such differences.

Question 18

Contact theory

Answer 18

The theory that prejudice will be reduced through social interaction with those of different race or ethnicity but of equal status.

Question 19

Race

Answer 19

A social category that we treat as distinct on the basis of certain characteristics.

Question 20

Out-group homogeneity effect

Answer 20

The tendency for an in-group member to perceive members of any out-group as similar or identical to each other.

Question 21

Racial profiling

Answer 21

The use of race alone as a criterion for deciding whether to stop or detain someone.

Question 22

Dominant group

Answer 22

The group that assigns racial or ethnic group to subordinate status in society.

Question 23

Segregation

Answer 23

The process by which once integrated schools become more racially segregated.

Question 24

Salience principle

Answer 24

Categorizing people on the basis of what initially appears prominent about them.

Question 25

Urban underclass

Answer 25

A grouping of people, largely minority and poor, who live at the absolute bottom of the socioeconomic ladder in urban areas.

Question 26

Racialization

Answer 26

A process whereby some social category, such as a social class or nationality, is assigned what are perceived to be race characteristics.

Question 27

Residential segregation

Answer 27

The spatial separation of racial and ethnic groups in different residential areas.

Question 28

Pluralism

Answer 28

Pattern whereby groups maintain their distinctive culture and history.

Question 29

Ethnocentrism

Answer 29

The belief that ones in group is superior to all out-groups.

Question 30

Racial formation

Answer 30

Process by which groups come to be defined as a "race" through social institutions such as the law and the schools.

Question 31

Intersection perspective

Answer 31

Analysis that interprets class and race and gender as having separate as well as combined effects in shaping people's experiences.

Question 32

Stereotype

Answer 32

An oversimplified set of beliefs about the members of a social group or social stratum that is used to categorize individuals of that group.

Question 33

Old-fashioned racism

Answer 33

Overt and obvious expressions of racism, such as physical assaults, lynchings, and other such acts against a minority.

Question 34

Racism

Answer 34

The perception and treatment of a racial or ethnic group, or member of that group, as intellectually, socially, and culturally inferior to ones own group.