Chapter 10 Flashcards
Laissez-faire racism
Maintaining the status quo of racial groups by persistent stereotyping and blaming of minorities themselves for achievement and socioeconomic gaps between groups.
Prejudice
The negative evaluation of a social group based upon conceptions of that group, that are false.
Stereotype interchangeability
The principle that negative sterotypes are often interchangeable from one racial group (or gender or social class) to another.
Scapegoat theory
Argument that dominant group aggression is directed toward a minority a minority as a substitute for frustration with some other problem.
Institutional racism
Racism involving notions of racial or ethnic inferiority that have become ingrained into society’s institutions.
White privilege
The ability for Whites to maintain an elevated status in society that masks racial inequality.
Minority group
Any distinct group in society that shares common group characteristics and is forced to occupy low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination.
Ethnic group
A social category who share a common culture.
Hypersegragation
A pattern of extreme racial, ethnic, and/or social class residential segregation, such that nearly all individuals in an area are one of one such group.
Digital racial divide
Pattern whereby Blacks and Hispanics are on average less likely than whites to use digital modes of communication and information, particularly the internet.
Discrimination
Overt negative and unequal treatment of the members of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that group or stratum.
Affirmative action
A method for opening opportunities to women and minorities that specifically redressed past discrimination by taking positive measures to recruit and hire previously disadvantaged groups.
Anti-smitism
Anti Jew
Assimilation
Process by which a minority becomes socially economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society
Authoritarian personality
A personality characterized by a tendency to rigidly categorize people and to submit to authority, rigidly conform, and be intolerant of ambiguity.
Aversive racism
Subtle, nonovert, and nonobvious racism
Caste system
A system of stratification (characterized by low social mobility) in which ones place in the stratification system is determined by birth.
Color-blind racism
Ignoring legitimate racial, ethnic, and cultural differences between groups, thus denying the reality of such differences.
Contact theory
The theory that prejudice will be reduced through social interaction with those of different race or ethnicity but of equal status.
Race
A social category that we treat as distinct on the basis of certain characteristics.
Out-group homogeneity effect
The tendency for an in-group member to perceive members of any out-group as similar or identical to each other.
Racial profiling
The use of race alone as a criterion for deciding whether to stop or detain someone.
Dominant group
The group that assigns racial or ethnic group to subordinate status in society.
Segregation
The process by which once integrated schools become more racially segregated.
Salience principle
Categorizing people on the basis of what initially appears prominent about them.
Urban underclass
A grouping of people, largely minority and poor, who live at the absolute bottom of the socioeconomic ladder in urban areas.
Racialization
A process whereby some social category, such as a social class or nationality, is assigned what are perceived to be race characteristics.
Residential segregation
The spatial separation of racial and ethnic groups in different residential areas.
Pluralism
Pattern whereby groups maintain their distinctive culture and history.
Ethnocentrism
The belief that ones in group is superior to all out-groups.
Racial formation
Process by which groups come to be defined as a “race” through social institutions such as the law and the schools.
Intersection perspective
Analysis that interprets class and race and gender as having separate as well as combined effects in shaping people’s experiences.
Stereotype
An oversimplified set of beliefs about the members of a social group or social stratum that is used to categorize individuals of that group.
Old-fashioned racism
Overt and obvious expressions of racism, such as physical assaults, lynchings, and other such acts against a minority.
Racism
The perception and treatment of a racial or ethnic group, or member of that group, as intellectually, socially, and culturally inferior to ones own group.
