Chapter 16

Question 1

environmental racism:

Answer 1

the dubbing of toxic wastes with disproportionate efficiency at or very near areas with high concentrations of minorities.

Question 2

Urbanization:

Answer 2

the process by which a community acquires the characteristics of city life.

Question 3

Emigration:

Answer 3

migration of people from one society to another.

Question 4

Organic solidarity:

Answer 4

unity based on all differentiation not similarity.

Question 5

Sex ratio:

Answer 5

the number of males per 100 females

Question 6

Population pyramids:

Answer 6

graphic depictions of the age and sex distribution of a given population of the point in time

Question 7

Revolution:

Answer 7

the overthrow of a state of the total transformation of central state institutions

Question 8

Collective behavior:

Answer 8

behavior that occurs on the usual conventions are suspended in people collectively establish new norms of behavior in response to emerging situation.

Question 9

Climate change:

Answer 9

the systematic increase in worldwide surface temperatures and the resulting ecological change.

Question 10

Mechanical solidarity:

Answer 10

unity based on similarity, not difference, of roles.

Question 11

Globalization:

Answer 11

Increased economic, political, and social interconnectedness and interdependence among societies in the world.

Question 12

Modernization:

Answer 12

the process of social and cultural change that is initiated by industrialization and followed by increased social differentiation and division of labor.

Question 13

Crude death rate:

Answer 13

the number of deaths each year per 1000 members of the population

Question 14

Environmental sociology:

Answer 14

the scientific study of interdependencies that exist between humans and our physical environment.

Question 15

Demographic transition theory:

Answer 15

argument the country is passed through a consistent sequence of population patterns linked to the degree of development and ending with a low birth and death rate.

Question 16

Demography:

Answer 16

scientific study population

Question 17

Crude birth rate:

Answer 17

the number of babies born each year for every 1000 members of the population.

Question 18

Population density:

Answer 18

the number of people per square mile

Question 19

Census:

Answer 19

the count of the entire population of the country

Question 20

Malthusian theory:

Answer 20

after TR Malthus, the principle that a population tends to grow faster than the subsistence (food) level needed to sustain it.

Question 21

Cohort:

Answer 21

age cohort

Question 22

Culture lag:

Answer 22

the delay in cultural adjustments to changing social conditions.

Question 23

Immigration:

Answer 23

the migration of people into a society from outside it

Question 24

Infant mortality rate:

Answer 24

the number of deaths per year of infants under age one for every 1000 live births.

Question 25

Social movement:

Answer 25

a group that asked for some continuity an organization to promote or resist social change in society.

Question 26

Social change:

Answer 26

the alteration of social interaction, social institutions, stratification systems, and elements of culture over time.

Question 27

Cultural diffusion:

Answer 27

the transmission of cultural elements from one society or cultural group to another

Question 28

Social movements:

Answer 28

a group that asked for some continuity an organization to promote or resist social change in society.