chapter5

Question 1

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 1

the study of behaviour, thought, and feeling as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology. Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviours reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce.

Question 2

Natural selection

Answer 2

Natural selection, process in which an organism adapts to its environment through selectively reproducing changes in its genotype.

Question 3

Sex

Answer 3

the sum of features by which members of species can be divided into two groups—male and female—that complement each other reproductively.

Question 4

Gender

Answer 4

Gender, however, is a social construct and generally based on the norms, behaviors, and societal roles expected of individuals based primarily on their sex.

Question 5

Gender roles

Answer 5

a set of socially accepted behaviors and attitudes deemed appropriate or desirable for individuals based on their sex.

Question 6

Hormones

Answer 6

are chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the blood, which carries them to organs and tissues of the body to exert their functions.

Question 7

Transgender

Answer 7

an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.

Question 8

Cultural influences

Answer 8

historical, geographical, and familial factors that affect assessment and intervention processes.

Question 9

Norms

Answer 9

rule or standard of behaviour shared by members of a social group

Question 10

Peer influence

Answer 10

the way people of the same social group can influence one another.

Question 11

Socialization

Answer 11

is the process whereby the young of society learn the values, ideas and practices and roles of that society.

Question 12

Independence vs connectedness

Answer 12

Independence- individual (usually men)
Connectedness- collective (usually women)

Question 13

Gender differences in:
Dominance and aggression

Answer 13

Men and women also tend to exhibit differing social dominance and aggression. In every known culture on earth, men tend to have more social power and are more likely than women to engage in physical aggression.

Question 14

Gender differences in Sexual behavior:

Answer 14

Sexuality is another area of marked gender differences. Men more often think about and initiate sex, whereas women’s sexuality tends to be inspired by emotional passion.